YouTube Digest

May 31, 2026

Listen to this issue

English

Based on โ€œOur (early) endless summer with Lucy Dacus and more!โ€ from NPR Podcasts Watch the original video

Summerโ€™s Unforgettable Playlist: Revisiting Unexpected Tales with NPRโ€™s Wait Waitโ€ฆ Donโ€™t Tell Me!

Episode summary

This episode of NPRโ€™s โ€œWait, Waitโ€ฆ Donโ€™t Tell Me!โ€ features a lively interview with comedian Tiffany Haddish, who recounts her 11 years as an โ€œenergy producerโ€ at parties, including bar mitzvahs, where sheโ€™d get grandmas and grandpas dancing. She also humorously shares that the first thing she bought with her newfound fame was a $359 microscope to study bacteria, which she believes resemble people and reveal Godโ€™s creativity.

The show then revisits interviews from a trip to Hawaii, first with ukulele master Taimane, who demonstrates her ability to play diverse genres like metal and classical on the instrument, and then with champion long-distance swimmer Becca Mann, who describes the bizarre physical effects of hours in saltwater, like swollen nostrils and a uvula hanging on her tongue. The practical takeaway is to appreciate the unexpected talents and extreme dedication of these individuals, and perhaps to reconsider long-distance swimming if easily grossed out by bodily functions.

As the days stretch long and the sun climbs high, NPRโ€™s beloved news quiz, Wait Waitโ€ฆ Donโ€™t Tell Me!, offers its listeners a delightful โ€œearly endless summerโ€ treat. Instead of grappling with the weekโ€™s latest headlines, hosts Peter Sagal and Bill Curtis take a well-deserved break, inviting us to revisit some of the most charming, surprising, and downright hilarious interviews from the past year. From a multi-talented comedian who once energized parties with her unique flair to an ukulele virtuoso who can shred heavy metal, and an open-water swimmer who befriends sharks, to an indie music icon whose first record was an โ€œillegalโ€ school project, this summer compilation is a testament to the showโ€™s knack for unearthing extraordinary stories.

The Unstoppable Energy of Tiffany Haddish

The journey kicks off with a an extended interview featuring the inimitable actor and comedian Tiffany Haddish, whose early career path proved as vibrant and unexpected as her current persona. Before her breakout roles, Haddish revealed she spent 11 years as an โ€œenergy producerโ€ for various events, from bar and bat mitzvahs to Christmas and Hanukkah parties. โ€œMy job was to produce amazing energy,โ€ she explained, clarifying that she preferred โ€œenergy producerโ€ over โ€œhype womanโ€ โ€“ a term she felt sounded too much like Flavor Flav.

Peter Sagal, still lamenting his โ€œpretty dullโ€ bar mitzvah experience, challenged Haddish to demonstrate her energy-producing prowess. Without missing a beat, she launched into an interactive demonstration, instructing Sagal to take her โ€œbeautiful brown hand,โ€ follow her to the dance floor, and โ€œsmile the whole time.โ€ Soon, the imagined room was โ€œpumpinโ€™ it up,โ€ with Haddishโ€™s infectious enthusiasm making Sagal โ€œretroactively excited and extraordinarily embarrassed.โ€ As Bill Curtis aptly put it, Haddish โ€œcould make a dreidel spin without spinning it.โ€

Beyond her electrifying past, Haddish shared a surprising detail about her first major purchase after achieving financial success: a $359 microscope. Her motivation? To โ€œdevelop my relationship with Godโ€ by observing bacteria and exploring the intricacies of creation. She shared a fascinating insight, noting that โ€œsome bacterias look just like people,โ€ and some are โ€œas ugly as just ugly.โ€ Her curiosity extended to swimming with sharks, embracing the natural worldโ€™s wonders, and humorously asserting that her โ€œacidicโ€ diet of soda would protect her from shark attacks.

Haddishโ€™s segment culminated in a quiz titled โ€œGirls Trip, Meet Girl Strip,โ€ testing her knowledge of comic strips featuring female characters. While she stumbled on the first question about the fate of the โ€œKathyโ€ comic strip (it was โ€œmarrying Irvingโ€ that ruined it, not the overuse of โ€œAโ€ as a filler word), she correctly identified that the original German character โ€œLily,โ€ who inspired the Barbie doll, was a โ€œhigh-end call girlโ€ or escort. She also correctly guessed that Little Orphan Annieโ€™s final comic strip fate involved being held captive by an Eastern European war criminal, a dark and unexpected end for the plucky orphan.

Taimane: The Ukuleleโ€™s Unexpected Versatility

Next, the summer playlist transports us to Hawaii, where Peter Sagal and the team spoke with Taimane, one of the living masters of the ukulele. The interview began with a humorous attempt to correctly pronounce โ€œukulele,โ€ before delving into Taimaneโ€™s remarkable journey. She started playing the instrument at a tender ageโ€”five, then refined to sevenโ€”busking on the bustling streets of Kalakaua Avenue in Waikiki. Her talent caught the eye of a singer from the legendary Don Ho show, leading to a five-year mentorship under โ€œUncle Donโ€ himself.

Taimane is celebrated for expanding the ukuleleโ€™s perceived boundaries, blending classical and metal music with traditional Hawaiian sounds. When asked to demonstrate, she effortlessly transitioned from a classical piece to a snippet of Led Zeppelinโ€™s โ€œStairway to Heaven,โ€ leaving the audience and panel in awe.

Her quiz, โ€œMini Guitar, Meet Mini Golf,โ€ uncovered equally surprising historical tidbits. Taimane correctly identified that miniature golf was invented in 1860s Scotland primarily for women, who were forbidden from playing real golf due to the โ€œimproperโ€ act of raising their arms above their shoulders โ€“ a stark reminder of historical misogyny. She also learned that early mini golf courses, before the advent of Astroturf, featured surfaces made of โ€œgoat hair dyed green.โ€ The most astonishing revelation came with the final question: one can play mini golf 400 feet underground in an abandoned Transylvanian salt mine called Salina Turda, which has been transformed into a popular underground amusement park.

Becca Mannโ€™s Aquatic Feats and the Wonders of the Deep

The theme of pushing boundaries continued with champion long-distance swimmer Becca Mann, who, as Peter Sagal quipped, โ€œsaved on baggage fees and swamโ€ to Hawaii. Mann, a two-time national champion in the 10-kilometer swim, shared the grueling physical toll of her aquatic adventures. Nine hours into a saltwater swim, her nostrils would swell shut, and upon exiting the water, her uvula would hang, making swallowing impossible for the rest of the day. Her โ€œfeedsโ€โ€”liquid fuel of Gatorade and energy gelโ€”were delivered by her mother, who was often violently seasick on the accompanying boat.

Despite the hardships, Mannโ€™s passion for swimming is evident. After narrowly missing her third Olympic team, she took a five-year hiatus, only to return to the national team after just five months of training. She recounted her most incredible open-ocean sightings: three โ€œvery peacefulโ€ sharksโ€”two blacktip reef sharks and one whitetip reef sharkโ€”which she described as โ€œbeautiful creatures.โ€

Beccaโ€™s quiz, โ€œThanks for Joining Us,โ€ plunged into the bizarre world of aquariums. She learned about the San Antonio Aquariumโ€™s infamous touch tank incident where an octopus grabbed a six-year-old by the arm, attempting to climb out to get the rest of her (it took three adults with ice packs to make it let go!). Even more astounding was the 2018 case where two people lifted a shark out of its tank, put it in a baby stroller, and walked out of the aquariumโ€”a real-life โ€œTakenโ€ scenario for marine life. Finally, she discovered that one aquarium, struggling to get its sharks to mate, resorted to piping Salt-N-Pepaโ€™s โ€œPush Itโ€ into their enclosure on a loop, a โ€œcross-species sexy songโ€ that ultimately proved successful.

Lucy Dacus: From Illegal Recordings to Indie Stardom

The summer retrospective concludes with an intimate conversation with singer-songwriter Lucy Dacus, known for her solo work and as part of the supergroup Boygenius. Dacus revealed a charmingly unconventional start to her music career: her first record was recorded โ€œillegallyโ€ in Reba McEntireโ€™s studio as a favor for a friendโ€™s school project. โ€œNo oneโ€™s scheduled on this Saturday. Should we sneak in?โ€ her friend had asked. The entire album was completed in a single day.

Dacus, who started playing guitar at 12, humbly admitted she wasnโ€™t โ€œthe best at guitarโ€ back then, and her early playing was โ€œhardly listenable.โ€ Yet, sheโ€™s now recognized as an accomplished guitarist. She shared snippets of her earliest songwriting, including a seven-year-oldโ€™s lament called โ€œStupid Cupidโ€ (โ€œWhy wonโ€™t Cupid come to me?โ€) and, shockingly, an eight-year-oldโ€™s song that blamed victims of infidelity for being โ€œhard to be withโ€ โ€“ a surprisingly mature and cynical take for such a young age.

Before her rise to fame, Dacus worked a โ€œmindlessโ€ eight-hour-a-day job at a photo processing shop in Richmond. This mundane work, she explained, became a creative incubator: โ€œI would sit and do my like d-d-d-d-d and then I had a pad of paper and I would write songs, and Iโ€™d get home and Iโ€™d get on the guitar and Iโ€™d write like a song a day at that time.โ€ Sagal playfully suggested she consider a similar โ€œdrudge workโ€ job to reignite that prolific spirit.

Her โ€œHolidaysโ€ album, featuring songs released on specific dates, included a track for Bruce Springsteenโ€™s birthday, which Dacus declared a legitimate holiday in her childhood home. โ€œWe had like a big calendar in the kitchen where we put like, you know, basketball practice, church, Bruce Springsteenโ€™s birthday,โ€ she recounted. Despite her deep admiration, when she finally met โ€œThe Boss,โ€ she was so overwhelmed she โ€œwas crying at the bar to a friendโ€ and had to leave before making a fool of herself.

The Panelโ€™s Witty Interludes

Sprinkled throughout these captivating interviews were the Wait Waitโ€ฆ Donโ€™t Tell Me! panelists, who, in their own segments, provided ample comedic relief. They pondered why airplanes still have ashtrays in bathrooms (a safety measure for those who break the no-smoking rule), debated the wisdom of a Thai parade whose subwoofer-laden floats shattered priceless museum artifacts, and humorously confirmed the popular theory that โ€œall dogs are dumb,โ€ complete with anecdotes of pugs failing to understand steps and smelling like Fritos.

This โ€œearly endless summerโ€ collection from Wait Waitโ€ฆ Donโ€™t Tell Me! serves as a vibrant reminder of the rich tapestry of human experience and the unexpected stories that lie just beneath the surface. From celebrity confessions to scientific curiosities and historical oddities, these revisited conversations offer a perfect blend of humor, insight, and pure delight, proving that even a summer break can be an opportunity for discovery.


Based on โ€œThe myth of โ€œone person, one voteโ€ | America, Actuallyโ€ from Vox Watch the original video

The Unseen Architects of Power: How Americaโ€™s Maps Undermine โ€˜One Person, One Voteโ€™

Episode summary

Voxโ€™s โ€œAmerica, Actuallyโ€ dismantles the myth of โ€œone person, one vote,โ€ arguing that American democracy is fundamentally broken, not just recently threatened. The host, Astead Herndon, highlights how the Electoral College disproportionately empowers voters in less populous states like Wyoming, giving them significantly more influence than voters in states like California. This disparity extends to the Senate, where one Wyoming resident holds equivalent power to 68 Californians, and competitive House districts have plummeted from over 90 in 1976 to roughly 30 today, largely due to gerrymandering.

The practical takeaway is that protecting democracy isnโ€™t enough; it requires fundamental improvement. While the immediate focus is on redistricting battles and their impact on congressional control (with recent court decisions giving Republicans a slight advantage), the video suggests deeper reforms are needed, such as overhauling the primary system. However, even with reforms, the incentive structure in Washington often rewards partisan conflict over effective governance, making true change a complex, long-term endeavor.

Forget the daily news cycles and the personalities dominating political headlines for a moment. To truly understand the health of American democracy, you need to look at something far less glamorous but infinitely more powerful: the maps. Gerrymandering, redistricting, and the arcane rules governing our electoral system might seem confusing or even boring, but they are the unseen architects of political power, dictating whose voices matter and whose are intentionally suppressed. The popular notion of โ€œone person, one voteโ€ in America, it turns out, is more myth than reality.

This isnโ€™t just about a democracy under threat from external forces; itโ€™s about a system that is fundamentally broken, often by design. This inherent dysfunction explains why Congress struggles to pass legislation, why the Senate frequently ignores public opinion, and why presidential elections become obsessive battles over a mere handful of states. To grasp the depth of this systemic issue, we must delve into the structural flaws that prevent true representative democracy.

The Illusion of Equal Representation

The idea that every citizenโ€™s vote carries equal weight is a cornerstone of democratic ideals. Yet, Americaโ€™s foundational electoral structures demonstrably undermine this principle, creating vast disparities in political influence based solely on geography.

The Electoral College: Not Just Swing States

Most Americans are aware that the Electoral College means we donโ€™t elect our president by direct popular vote, often leading to a focus on a few โ€œbattlegroundโ€ states. However, the problem runs deeper than just swing-state obsession. The electoral votes themselves are not distributed equally relative to state populations.

Consider the โ€œrelative voting powerโ€ by state. The least populous statesโ€”places like Wyoming, Vermont, Alaska, and North Dakotaโ€”possess the highest relative voting power. This means that a voter in Wyoming, for instance, has significantly more influence on the presidential outcome than a voter in a more populous state. Conversely, large states like Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and New York, despite their massive populations, have the smallest relative voting power. Their electoral votes do not proportionally reflect their citizen count, effectively diluting the power of individual votes in those states.

The Senate: Disproportionate Influence and Demographic Impact

The structural inequity becomes even more stark when examining the U.S. Senate. With two senators allocated to every state, regardless of population, the Senate is often touted as a chamber of equal state representation. In practice, however, it grants immense power to sparsely populated states, profoundly skewing national representation.

A striking chart from the Washington Post in 2023 illustrated this disparity vividly: one person in Wyoming, with its small population, wields influence in the Senate equivalent to 68 people in California, 50 in Texas, or 37 in Florida. The implications of these numbers extend beyond mere statistics; they have a profound racial and demographic impact. Those 68 people in California whose collective voice equals one Wyomingite include โ€œthree black people, dozens of Hispanic folks, a dozen of Asian folks.โ€ The same holds true for Texas and Florida, states with high proportions of non-white residents. Because of the Senateโ€™s composition, the voices of these diverse populations are not just underrepresented; they are, in effect, โ€œalmost intentionally suppressed.โ€

Gerrymandering: The Silent Saboteur of Competitive Elections

Beyond the constitutional structures of the Electoral College and Senate, a more insidious force actively shapes electoral outcomes and stifles genuine representation: gerrymandering. This partisan manipulation of electoral district boundaries has dramatically reduced the number of truly competitive races, transforming elections into predetermined contests.

The Vanishing Competitive House Districts

The decline in competitive House districts is alarming. Data from G. Elliot Morris reveals a stark trend: in 1976, there were over 90 competitive House districts across the country. By 2000, that number had fallen to around 60-65. For the upcoming 2026 cycle, however, projections indicate only about 30 competitive districtsโ€”a drastic cut of almost half in just two decades. This trend is exacerbated as parties, particularly Republicans, draw increasingly โ€œredโ€ or โ€œblueโ€ districts, solidifying their hold on power regardless of broader public sentiment.

Gerrymandering, therefore, isnโ€™t merely about drawing lines on a map; itโ€™s a strategic maneuver about power: โ€œWho gets it? Whose voice matters in our democracy? And whoโ€™s written out of the process.โ€ In an election year, these meticulously crafted maps can often be more determinative of Novemberโ€™s results than the individual candidates themselves.

The Redistricting Wars: A New Level of Partisan Aggression

The current political landscape is marked by intense โ€œredistricting wars,โ€ highlighting how both major parties have grown comfortable with less competitive districts when it serves their partisan goals. This cycle has seen unprecedented moves, particularly from former President Donald Trump.

Trumpโ€™s push for mid-year redistricting, urging Texas Republicans to redraw maps in favor of the GOP, was an extraordinary intervention, and the Texans complied. Democrats, in turn, responded with their own partisan map-drawing efforts in California. While a referendum in Virginia aimed at a more neutral redistricting process passed public vote, it was later overturned by the courts, underscoring the legal battles surrounding these efforts.

Amy Walter, publisher and editor-in-chief of the Cook Political Report, provides crucial insight into these battles. She notes that, initially, neither side seemed to have a definitive advantage, with the back-and-forth appearing to result in a draw. However, two pivotal court decisions shifted the balance: the Virginia Supreme Courtโ€™s decision to throw out the stateโ€™s referendum-passed map, and the U.S. Supreme Courtโ€™s ruling in Louisiana v. Kelly, which significantly weakened Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act. These decisions, Walter explains, have given Republicans an estimated โ€œfour, five, six seat advantageโ€ in the number of districts drawn in their favor.

Itโ€™s important to understand that these gerrymandered districts are based on assumptionsโ€”primarily the data from the previous election. As Walter points out, thereโ€™s โ€œno guaranteeโ€ Republicans will win all five of the new Republican-leaning districts in Texas, for example. Shifts in voter behavior, such as Latino populations potentially โ€œsnapping backโ€ to more Democratic voting patterns, could alter outcomes. This current round of redistricting, unlike the traditional decennial process which aimed for maps to last 10 years and withstand demographic shifts, is โ€œliterally about the immediate,โ€ focused on securing seats in the very next election.

Historically, redistricting was a more โ€œparochial exercise,โ€ often involving bipartisan agreements to protect incumbents or maximize a state delegationโ€™s influence in Washington. Now, the process has become โ€œcompletely nationalized,โ€ driven by the singular goal of maximizing partisan seat counts.

A Perilous Conundrum: Minority Representation at Risk

The Supreme Courtโ€™s decision in Louisiana v. Kelly to weaken Voting Rights Act protections has profound implications, particularly for minority representation. This ruling essentially gave a โ€œgreen lightโ€ to some GOP redistricting efforts, allowing states like Tennessee and Alabama to redraw maps that effectively dismantled Black majority districts. Walter highlights that this decision effectively eliminated three Black majority districts, two of which were represented by Black members of Congress, making them safely Republican.

While this may secure immediate partisan gains for the GOP, it also risks โ€œstirring a hornetโ€™s nest,โ€ potentially energizing and mobilizing Democratic voters who feel their voices are being actively suppressed.

However, a deeper, more troubling conundrum emerges for Democrats. In their desire to counter Republican gerrymandering, the most effective strategy might involve breaking up their own Black or Hispanic majority districts. By dispersing these voters, they could create a greater number of โ€œlighter blueโ€ districts, theoretically increasing their overall seat count. This presents a stark ethical dilemma: โ€œThe incentives could be such that both sides agree that kind of black representation or minority representation is not the priority,โ€ but rather simply maximizing partisan seats. As seen in New Jersey, where majority Black and Hispanic districts exist, the temptation to โ€œchop it up and spread it outโ€ to help Democrats could be significant, creating a โ€œreal messyโ€ situation for minority representation.

Reimagining Democracy: Beyond Protection to Improvement

The host of โ€œAmerica, Actuallyโ€ raises a critical point: Democrats in 2024 erred by focusing on โ€œprotecting democracyโ€ rather than acknowledging its inherent shortcomings and vowing to โ€œimprove it.โ€ If one could wave a magic wand to make democracy more fair, where would Amy Walter begin?

Her answer points to the primary process, a system designed over a century ago to combat the โ€œcorruptโ€ backroom dealings of political bosses. While intended to open up nominations to the people, the primary system has itself become โ€œas corrupted as it was back then.โ€ Itโ€™s now dominated by skyrocketing outside money from issue-based or corporate interests, and primary voters are often ideologically extreme. Since most members of Congress are elected in safely red or blue districts, primaries often determine the actual winner, making their flaws critically important.

Walter proposes a national primary day with an open ballot, allowing every voter to participate regardless of party affiliation, with all candidates on the same ballot. This, she argues, would address major problems, including the constant, exhausting election cycle.

Other ideas for direct democratic reform, such as term limits (including for the Supreme Court), are increasingly popular among citizens but rarely heard from elected officials. However, the experience of California serves as a cautionary tale. Despite implementing nearly every academic reform imaginableโ€”open primaries, top-two systems, easy voter registration, mail-in voting, ballot initiativesโ€”the state hasnโ€™t necessarily seen better governance or a populace that feels more โ€œheard.โ€ As Walter notes, โ€œYou can create all the reforms you want, but if people feel like the system is broken, theyโ€™re not going to participate.โ€

The Elusive Incentive Structure and the Long Slog of History

The ultimate challenge, beyond structural reforms, lies in altering the incentive structure within Congress. Currently, members who โ€œkeep their head down and get stuff doneโ€ are not rewarded; in fact, they might not last long. Instead, the system benefits those who โ€œmake the most noise, do the most damage, refuse to do any sort of compromising.โ€ As long as this remains the case, no reform will fundamentally change behavior. And who can change this incentive structure? โ€œWell, theyโ€™re us,โ€ Walter concludes, acknowledging the circular nature of the problem: if we donโ€™t like those people, we must stop voting for them.

This brings us to a broader historical perspective. American history, Walter reminds us, has always been a โ€œslog.โ€ Itโ€™s โ€œnever been great. Itโ€™s never been perfect. Itโ€™s always been messy and it has been corrupted.โ€ The period from the end of World War II through the late 20th century, characterized by a level of bipartisanship and civility (like the friendship between Tip Oโ€™Neill and Ronald Reagan), was actually โ€œrareโ€ and โ€œunique.โ€ Our current discomfort, therefore, is arguably more in line with the historical norm than the nostalgic ideal we often cling to.

โ€œWeโ€™re still pretty young in this whole multi-ethnic, multi-racial democracy thing,โ€ Walter reflects, offering a sliver of grace. The journey of American democracy is one of continuous effort, a constant โ€œsloggingโ€ toward a more perfect union. Understanding the profound impact of โ€œthe mapsโ€ and the structural flaws they represent is the first critical step in moving beyond mere protection to genuine improvement. Itโ€™s about recognizing that the fight for democracy isnโ€™t just against visible threats, but also against the invisible lines that quietly dictate the very nature of power.


ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด

โ€œOur (early) endless summer with Lucy Dacus and more!โ€ โ€” NPR Podcasts ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์›๋ณธ ์˜์ƒ ๋ณด๊ธฐ

NPR <์›จ์ดํŠธ, ์›จ์ดํŠธโ€ฆ ๋ˆ ํ…” ๋ฏธ!>๊ฐ€ ์„ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜๋์—†๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„โ€™ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ: ์Šคํƒ€๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์พŒํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ

์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ ์š”์•ฝ

NPR์˜ ์ธ๊ธฐ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ์‡ผ โ€˜Wait, Waitโ€ฆ Donโ€™t Tell Me!โ€™๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ํœด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งž์•„ ์ง€๋‚œ ํ•œ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋””์–ธ ํ‹ฐํŒŒ๋‹ˆ ํ•ด๋””์‰ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅด ๋ฏธ์ธ ๋ฐ”(Bar Mitzvah) ๋ฐ ๋ฐ• ๋ฏธ์ธ ๋ฐ”(Bat Mitzvah) ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์—์„œ 11๋…„๊ฐ„ โ€˜์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ”„๋กœ๋“€์„œโ€™๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ 500๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€ ๋†€๋ผ์›€์„ ์•ˆ๊ฒผ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์šฐ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋น„๋ฒ•์„ ์‹œ์—ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฒญ์ค‘์„ ์—ด๊ด‘์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ , ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์ง„ ํ›„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ด๋กœ์›€์„ ๋А๊ผˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ผํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด์ง„ ํ€ด์ฆˆ โ€˜Girls Trip, Meet Girl Stripโ€™์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งŒํ™” โ€˜์บ์‹œโ€™์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ง์ด โ€˜์–ด๋น™๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๊ธฐโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒํ™”์˜ ๋ชฐ๋ฝ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ, ๋ฐ”๋น„ ์ธํ˜•์˜ ์›์กฐ์ธ ๋…์ผ ๋งŒํ™” ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ(Lily)๊ฐ€ โ€˜๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ฝœ๊ฑธโ€™์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.

๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•˜์™€์ด ํŠน์ง‘์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฟจ๋ ๋ ˆ ๋ช…์ธ ํƒ€์ด๋งˆ๋„ค(Taimane)๊ฐ€ ํด๋ž˜์‹๊ณผ ๋ฉ”ํƒˆ ์Œ์•…์„ ์šฐ์ฟจ๋ ๋ ˆ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‹ค๋ ฅ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์•…๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๊ณจํ”„ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๊ณจํ”„๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ํŒ”์„ ์–ด๊นจ ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๊ณจํ”„ ์ฝ”์Šค๊ฐ€ ์—ผ์†Œ ํ„ธ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ ๋ฒ ์นด ๋งจ(Becca Man)์€ ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜์˜์œผ๋กœ ์ฝง๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ๋ถ€์–ด ๋ง‰ํžˆ๊ณ  ๋ชฉ์ –์ด ํ˜€์— ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋ถ™๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์—ด์ •์œผ๋กœ 5๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ ํ›„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Œ€ํ‘œํŒ€์— ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ ์›Œํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ƒ์–ด ์„ธ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ‰ํ™”๋กœ์› ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊นจ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์„ ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

NPR์˜ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์‡ผ <์›จ์ดํŠธ, ์›จ์ดํŠธโ€ฆ ๋ˆ ํ…” ๋ฏธ!(Wait, Waitโ€ฆ Donโ€™t Tell Me!)>๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ํœด์‹๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž์•„ ์ง€๋‚œ ํ•œ ํ•ด ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ์ƒ ๊นŠ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ์นด๊ณ  ์ŠคํŠœ๋“œ๋ฒ ์ด์ปค ๊ทน์žฅ(Studebaker Theater)์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์†ก์€ ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋””์–ธ ํ‹ฐํŒŒ๋‹ˆ ํ•ด๋””์‰ฌ(Tiffany Haddish)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ์ฟจ๋ ๋ ˆ ๋ช…์žฅ ํƒ€์ด๋งˆ๋„ค(Taimane), ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ ์นด ๋งจ(Becca Mann), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฑ์–ด์†ก๋ผ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฃจ์‹œ ๋ฐ์ด์ปค์Šค(Lucy Dacus)์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์พŒํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์™€ ์žฌ์น˜ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ํ€ด์ฆˆ ๋Œ€๊ฒฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์†”์งํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ํŠน์œ ์˜ ์œ ๋จธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์šฐ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ํŠน์ง‘์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋“ค์„ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ž‘: ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋””์–ธ ํ‹ฐํŒŒ๋‹ˆ ํ•ด๋””์‰ฌ์™€์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ

โ€™์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ”„๋กœ๋“€์„œโ€™์˜ ์—ด์ •์ ์ธ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ

์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋””์–ธ์ด์ž ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ธ ํ‹ฐํŒŒ๋‹ˆ ํ•ด๋””์‰ฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†”์งํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋†“์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฒญ์ค‘์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „, ๋ฐ” ๋ฏธ์ธ ๋ฐ”(Bar Mitzvah)์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์ข… ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—์„œ โ€œ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ”„๋กœ๋“€์„œ(energy producer)โ€œ๋กœ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฐˆ(Peter Sagal)์ด ์ด๋ฅผ โ€œํ•˜์ž… ์šฐ๋จผ(hype woman)โ€œ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์นญํ•˜์ž, ํ‹ฐํŒŒ๋‹ˆ๋Š” โ€œ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜์ž… ์šฐ๋จผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ”„๋กœ๋“€์„œโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰์ž ํ”ผํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฐˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆด ์  ๋ฐ” ๋ฏธ์ธ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ โ€œ๊ฝค ๋”ฐ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค(pretty dull)โ€œ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ•˜์ž, ํ‹ฐํŒŒ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ฆ‰์„์—์„œ โ€œ์ Š์€ ํ”ผํ„ฐ, ๋‚ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ์†์„ ์žก๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ค์„ธ์š”!โ€๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฒ”์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ์ขŒ์ค‘์„ ํญ์†Œ์ผ€ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 11๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฌด๋ ค 500๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ํ–‰์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ด ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์—ด์ •์€ ์ถœ์—ฐ์ง„ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ โ€œํ”Œ๋ฃจ ์•„์›ƒ(flewed out)โ€œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์žฌ์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋˜ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์ž์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์„ฑ๊ณต ํ›„์˜ ์˜์™ธ์˜ ์ฒซ ๊ตฌ๋งค: ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ

์˜ํ™” <๊ฑธ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฝ(Girls Trip)>์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘” ํ›„, ํ‹ฐํŒŒ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„ ์•„๋‹Œ 359๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์งœ๋ฆฌ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์— ์—…๋กœ๋“œํ•˜๋ฉฐ โ€œ์‹ ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒโ€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด โ€œ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋‹คโ€๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์–ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค ๋ฑ‰์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์†Œ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹คโ€๋Š” ์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ์œ ๋จธ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜๊ฑธ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฝ, ๋ฏธํŠธ ๊ฑธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฝโ€™ ํ€ด์ฆˆ ๋Œ€๊ฒฐ

ํ‹ฐํŒŒ๋‹ˆ๋Š” โ€˜๊ฑธ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฝ, ๋ฏธํŠธ ๊ฑธ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฝ(Girls Trip. Meet Girl Strip)โ€˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜๊ฑธ์Šค ํŠธ๋ฆฝโ€™์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ธ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ โ€˜์—ฌ์ž์•„์ดโ€™๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋งŒํ™”(girl strip)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • <์บ์‹œ(Kathy)> ๋งŒํ™”: ๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ ์–ด๋น™(Irving)๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•œ ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚˜๋น , โ€˜์–ด๋น™๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผํ•˜๊ธฐ(marrying Irving)โ€˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŒํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ง์น˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋Œ€๋ช…์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ํ‹ฐํŒŒ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์›€์„ ๊ธˆ์น˜ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • <๋ฐ”๋น„> ์ธํ˜•์˜ ์›์กฐ <๋ฆด๋ฆฌ(Lily)>: ๋…์ผ ์‹ ๋ฌธ ๋งŒํ™” <๋ฆด๋ฆฌ>์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ <๋ฐ”๋น„> ์ธํ˜•์˜ ์›์กฐ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ ๋ฆด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค โ€œ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ ์ฝœ๊ฑธ(high-end call girl)โ€œ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์ „ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ํ‹ฐํŒŒ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ โ€œํ™”์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์Šด ๋…ธ์ถœโ€์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๋งžํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • <๊ณ ์•„ ์• ๋‹ˆ(Little Orphan Annie)> ๋งŒํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ง: ๋งŒํ™”๋Š” ์• ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ „์Ÿ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฉ์น˜๋œ ์ฑ„๋กœ ๋๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์šด๋ช…์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏธ๊ถ์— ๋น ์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๋ง์„ ํ‹ฐํŒŒ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ถ”์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‹ฐํŒŒ๋‹ˆ๋Š” 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ค‘ 2๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋งžํžˆ๋ฉฐ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ โ€œ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹คโ€๋Š” ๊ทน์ฐฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์™€์ด์˜ ์„ ์œจ๊ณผ ๋„์ „: ์šฐ์ฟจ๋ ๋ ˆ ๋ช…์žฅ ํƒ€์ด๋งˆ๋„ค์™€ ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฒ ์นด ๋งจ

์šฐ์ฟจ๋ ๋ ˆ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋‹ค: ํƒ€์ด๋งˆ๋„ค

ํ•˜์™€์ด ํŠน์ง‘์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฟจ๋ ๋ ˆ ๋ช…์žฅ ํƒ€์ด๋งˆ๋„ค(Taimane)๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์—ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์Œ์•… ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง„ํ–‰์ž ํ”ผํ„ฐ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฟจ๋ ๋ ˆ์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์Œ(โ€œ์šฐ์ฟ ๋ ๋ ˆ(ukulele)โ€œ)์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ด๋งˆ๋„ค๋Š” 5์„ธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ์ฟจ๋ ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ 7์„ธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ „์„ค์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜ ๋ˆ ํ˜ธ(Don Ho)์˜ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณ ์ „ ์Œ์•…๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ”ํƒˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฅ๋ฅด๋ฅผ ์šฐ์ฟจ๋ ๋ ˆ๋กœ ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•…๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” <์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ์˜ ์œ ๋ น(Phantom of the Opera)> ํ…Œ๋งˆ์™€ ๋ ˆ๋“œ ์ œํ”Œ๋ฆฐ(Led Zeppelin)์˜ โ€˜์ฒœ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณ„๋‹จ(Stairway to Heaven)โ€˜์„ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฒญ์ค‘์˜ ๊ฐํƒ„์„ ์ž์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๊ธฐํƒ€, ๋ฏธํŠธ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๊ณจํ”„โ€™ ํ€ด์ฆˆ

ํƒ€์ด๋งˆ๋„ค๋Š” โ€˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๊ธฐํƒ€, ๋ฏธํŠธ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๊ณจํ”„(Mini Guitar, Meet Mini Golf)โ€˜๋ผ๋Š” ํ€ด์ฆˆ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๊ณจํ”„์˜ ๊ธฐ์›: 1860๋…„๋Œ€ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๊ณจํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ โ€œ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ํŒ”์„ ์–ด๊นจ ์œ„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณจํ”„๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธโ€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ํƒ€์ด๋งˆ๋„ค๋Š” โ€œ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ˜์˜ค(misogyny)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ •๋‹ตโ€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์žฌ์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ต๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๋งžํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๊ณจํ”„ ์ฝ”์Šค์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด: ์ž”๋”” ๋Œ€์‹  โ€œ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋œ ์—ผ์†Œ ํ„ธ(goat hair dyed green)โ€œ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋„ ์•Œ์•„๋งžํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ด์ƒ‰ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๊ณจํ”„์žฅ: ๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ํŠธ๋ž€์‹ค๋ฐ”๋‹ˆ์•„ ์†Œ๊ธˆ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ(Transylvanian salt mine) ์ง€ํ•˜ 400ํ”ผํŠธ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ โ€˜์…€๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ํˆฌ๋ผ(Salina Turda)โ€˜๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€ํ•˜ ๊ด€๊ด‘ ๋ช…์†Œ์ด์ž ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ ๊ณจํ”„์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ํƒ€์ด๋งˆ๋„ค๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์›€์„ ํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํƒ€์ด๋งˆ๋„ค๋Š” 3๊ฐœ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งžํžˆ๋ฉฐ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์ง๊ด€๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทนํ•œ์˜ ๋„์ „์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ์ˆ˜: ๋ฒ ์นด ๋งจ

์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ ๋ฒ ์นด ๋งจ(Becca Mann)์€ ๋งˆ์šฐ์ด ํ•ดํ˜‘์„ ์™•๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์„ธ์šด ์„ ์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์˜์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด โ€œ์ง ๋ฌผ์— ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ชธ์ด ๋ถ“๋Š”๋‹คโ€๋ฉฐ, 9์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ฝง๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ๋ถ€์–ด๋ถ™๊ณ , ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด ๋ชฉ์ –์ด ํ˜€ ๋’ค์— ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋ถ™์–ด ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ข…์ผ ์นจ์„ ์‚ผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ์ถœ์ „์ด ์ขŒ์ ˆ๋œ ํ›„ 5๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” โ€œ์‹คํŒจ๋กœ ๋๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹คโ€๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆ˜์˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ โ€œ๋งค์ผ ํ›ˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ํ•œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ๊ฒƒโ€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํ”ˆ ์›Œํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์นด์•ฝ๊ณผ ๋ณดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•ก์ฒด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ(โ€œํ”ผ๋“œ(feeds)โ€œ)๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณดํŠธ์— ํƒ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•œ ๋ฑƒ๋ฉ€๋ฏธ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ผํ™”๋Š” ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์ž์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ ์›Œํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ƒ์–ด๋“ค์ด โ€œ๋งค์šฐ ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์˜€๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊นจ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜์˜คํ”ˆ ์›Œํ„ฐ, ๋ฏธํŠธ ํด๋กœ์ฆˆ๋“œ ์›Œํ„ฐโ€™ ํ€ด์ฆˆ

๋ฒ ์นด๋Š” โ€˜์˜คํ”ˆ ์›Œํ„ฐ, ๋ฏธํŠธ ํด๋กœ์ฆˆ๋“œ ์›Œํ„ฐ(Open Water, Meet Closed Water)โ€˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์กฑ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ํ’€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ƒŒ์•ˆํ† ๋‹ˆ์˜ค ์•„์ฟ ์•„๋ฆฌ์›€์˜ ๋ฌธ์–ด: ์ด ์ˆ˜์กฑ๊ด€์—์„œ โ€œ๋ฌธ์–ด๊ฐ€ 6์‚ด ์•„์ด์˜ ํŒ”์„ ์žก๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์กฐ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ํƒˆ์ถœํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋‹คโ€๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋ฒ ์นด๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์›€์„ ํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ์ƒ์–ด: 2018๋…„ ์ƒŒ์•ˆํ† ๋‹ˆ์˜ค ์•„์ฟ ์•„๋ฆฌ์›€์—์„œ ์ƒ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ, CCTV์— โ€œ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์กฐ์—์„œ ๊บผ๋‚ด ์œ ๋ชจ์ฐจ์— ์‹ฃ๊ณ  ์œ ์œ ํžˆ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šตโ€์ด ํฌ์ฐฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฒ ์นด๋Š” ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๋งžํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ ์ƒ์–ด: 2017๋…„ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์กฑ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ƒ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ž, ์ง์›๋“ค์ด โ€œ์†”ํŠธ์•คํŽ˜ํŒŒ(Salt-N-Pepa)์˜ โ€˜ํ‘ธ์‰ฌ ์ž‡(Push It)โ€™ ๋…ธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ‹€์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹คโ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ฒœ์™ธํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์— ๋ฒ ์นด๋Š” ์ฒญ์ค‘์˜ ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๋งžํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒ ์นด๋Š” 3๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ 2๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งžํžˆ๋ฉฐ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์ˆœ๋ฐœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‹œ์‚ฌ ํ’์ž์™€ ์ผ์ƒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ: ํŒจ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์˜ ์žฌ์น˜ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ๋†๋‹ด

ํœด์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ํŒจ๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋“ค์˜ ์œ ๋จธ๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ•œ ๋‰ด์Šค ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋„ ๋นผ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ์žฌ๋–จ์ด์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€: ์œ ์ง„(Eugene)์€ ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์žฌ๋–จ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ โ€œFAA(๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ตญ) ๊ทœ์ •์ƒ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํ”ผ์šธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ดํ™”์„ฑ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธโ€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ํ™ฉ๋‹นํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋†€๋ผ์›Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ํƒœ๊ตญ ํผ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ์™€ ์œ ๋ฌผ ํŒŒ๊ดด: ์•Œ์กฐ(Alzo)๋Š” ํƒœ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์„œ๋ธŒ์šฐํผ(subwoofer)๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋“ค์˜ ํผ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์˜ ๊ท€์ค‘ํ•œ ์œ ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ง„๋™์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ์‹์— โ€œ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€? ์ด์ œ ๋ฌด๊ฐ€์น˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์œ ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹คโ€๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ’์žํ•˜๋Š” ๋†๋‹ด์„ ๋˜์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค โ€˜๋ฉ์ฒญํ•˜๋‹คโ€™: ์ผ€์ดํ‹ฐ(Katie)๋Š” <๋‰ด์š• ํƒ€์ž„์ฆˆ> ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ โ€œ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฉ์ฒญํ•˜๋‹คโ€๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์กฐ์‰ฌ(Josh)๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํผ๊ทธ(pug)๊ฐ€ ์†ŒํŒŒ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„๋‹จ์„ ๋‘๊ณ ๋„ โ€œ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ์•ˆ์•„๋‹ฌ๋ผโ€๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ผํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” โ€œํ”„๋ฆฌํ† (Fritos) ๋ƒ„์ƒˆโ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ ค๊ฒฌ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ์ฒญ์ค‘์˜ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์ž์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์Œ์•…์  ์—ฌ์ •์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๊นŠ์€ ํ†ต์ฐฐ: ์‹ฑ์–ด์†ก๋ผ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฃจ์‹œ ๋ฐ์ด์ปค์Šค

์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ โ€˜๋ถˆ๋ฒ•โ€™ ๋ฐ๋ท” ์•จ๋ฒ”

๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ฒŒ์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” ์‹ฑ์–ด์†ก๋ผ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฃจ์‹œ ๋ฐ์ด์ปค์Šค(Lucy Dacus)์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฒซ ์•จ๋ฒ”์ด โ€œ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•™๊ต ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ” ๋งคํ‚จํƒ€์ด์–ด(Reba McEntire)์˜ ์ŠคํŠœ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ๋…น์Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒโ€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 12์‚ด ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํžŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ฏธ โ€œ์—ญ๋Œ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ธฐํƒ€๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…โ€์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

8์‚ด ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€์˜ ์กฐ์ˆ™ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ

ํ”ผํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ฒซ ์ž์ž‘๊ณก์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌป์ž, ๋ฃจ์‹œ๋Š” 7์‚ด ๋•Œ ์“ด โ€œStupid Cupid(๋ฐ”๋ณด ํํ”ผ๋“œ)โ€œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณก๊ณผ 8์‚ด ๋•Œ โ€œ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒํ”ผ์› ์„ ๋•Œ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธโ€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๊ณก์„ ์ผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‚˜์ด์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์กฐ์ˆ™ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์€ ์ฒญ์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊นŠ์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ํ”ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ฐฝ์ž‘์—ด

์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ์ „, ๋ฃจ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ชฌ๋“œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ํ˜„์ƒ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” โ€œ๋งค์ผ 8์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•„๋ฌด ์ƒ๊ฐ ์—†์ด D๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ์ผ์ƒ ์†์—์„œ ์ข…์ด ํ•œ ์žฅ์— ๊ณก์„ ์ผ๋‹คโ€๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ โ€œํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ํ•œ ๊ณก์”ฉโ€ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํšŒ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋ฉฐ โ€œ์ฐฝ์ž‘ ์ •์‹ ์„ ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹คโ€๋Š” ๋†๋‹ด์„ ๋˜์ ธ ์›ƒ์Œ์„ ์ž์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜ํ™€๋ฆฌ๋ฐ์ด์ฆˆโ€™ ์•จ๋ฒ”๊ณผ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์Šค ์Šคํ”„๋ง์Šคํ‹ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กด๊ฒฝ

2019๋…„ ๋ฃจ์‹œ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ํœด์ผ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ๊ณก์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ํ›„ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•„ โ€˜ํ™€๋ฆฌ๋ฐ์ด์ฆˆ(Holidays)โ€™ ์•จ๋ฒ”์„ ๋ฐœ๋งคํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” โ€œ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์Šค ์Šคํ”„๋ง์Šคํ‹ด(Bruce Springsteen)์˜ ์ƒ์ผ๋„ ํœด์ผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๋ฐํžˆ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ์˜ ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ ํŒฌ์ž„์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ง‘ ๋ถ€์—Œ ๋‹ฌ๋ ฅ์—๋Š” ๋†๊ตฌ ์—ฐ์Šต, ๊ตํšŒ ์ผ์ •๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ โ€œ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์Šค ์Šคํ”„๋ง์Šคํ‹ด์˜ ์ƒ์ผโ€์ด ์ ํ˜€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์Šคํ”„๋ง์Šคํ‹ด์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธด์žฅํ•ด์„œ ์•„๋ฌด ๋ง๋„ ๋ชป ํ•˜๊ณ  โ€œ์šธ๋ฉด์„œ ๋„๋ง์ณค๋‹คโ€๋Š” ์†”์งํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋‹๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


NPR <์›จ์ดํŠธ, ์›จ์ดํŠธโ€ฆ ๋ˆ ํ…” ๋ฏธ!>์˜ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ํŠน์ง‘์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฐฉ์†ก์„ ๋„˜์–ด, ์œ ๋ช… ์ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ง„์†”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ๋จธ๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์›ƒ์Œ๊ณผ ๊นŠ์€ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์„ ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‹ฐํŒŒ๋‹ˆ ํ•ด๋””์‰ฌ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋„˜์น˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํƒ€์ด๋งˆ๋„ค์˜ ์šฐ์ฟจ๋ ๋ ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ด์ •, ๋ฒ ์นด ๋งจ์˜ ๊ทนํ•œ ๋„์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฃจ์‹œ ๋ฐ์ด์ปค์Šค์˜ ์Œ์•…์  ์—ฌ์ •๊ณผ ์†”์งํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ โ€˜๋์—†๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ฆ„โ€™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋  ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋“ค์„ ์„ ๋ฌผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ NPR์€ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ํœด๊ฐ€์ฒ ์—๋„ ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€๊ณผ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ์„ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


โ€œThe myth of โ€œone person, one voteโ€ | America, Actuallyโ€ โ€” Vox ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์›๋ณธ ์˜์ƒ ๋ณด๊ธฐ

๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ: โ€˜1์ธ 1ํ‘œโ€™๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์‹ ํ™”์ผ๊นŒ?

์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ ์š”์•ฝ

๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์œ„ํ˜‘๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, โ€œ1์ธ 1ํ‘œโ€๋Š” ์‹ ํ™”์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ์˜์ƒ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐจํŠธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ ์ œ๋„์—์„œ ์™€์ด์˜ค๋ฐ, ๋ฒ„๋ชฌํŠธ ๋“ฑ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฃผ๋“ค์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ์ด ์˜คํ•˜์ด์˜ค, ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ์ด๋‹ˆ์•„, ๋‰ด์š• ๋“ฑ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์ฃผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ƒ์› ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์— 2๋ช…์˜ ์ƒ์›์˜์›์„ ๋ฐฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์™€์ด์˜ค๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ 1๋ช…์ด ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ 68๋ช…, ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ์ฃผ๋ฏผ 50๋ช…, ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋ฏผ 37๋ช…๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์ธ์ข…์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์••ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๋Š”๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, 2026๋…„ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 30๊ฐœ ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ•ฉ ํ•˜์› ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ๋งŒ ๋‚จ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” 1976๋…„ 90๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ, 2000๋…„ 60~65๊ฐœ์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ค„์–ด๋“  ์ˆ˜์น˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๋งจ๋”๋ง(Gerrymandering)์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ง€๋„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ •์น˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์†Œ์™ธ๊ฐ์„ ๋А๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์€ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์›์ด ์—ฌ๋ก ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ , ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝํ•ฉ ์ฃผ์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ๋ฒ•(Voting Rights Act) ์•ฝํ™” ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์˜ ๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๋งจ๋”๋ง ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋ถ€์ถ”๊ฒจ, ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ 3~6์„์˜ ์˜์„ ์ด๋“์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ โ€œ๋ณดํ˜ธโ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด โ€œ๊ฐœ์„ โ€ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ์‡„์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ(Primary) ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœํ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ตญ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ์ผ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ , ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹นํŒŒ์  ์ด์ต๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

2024๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€์„ ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  โ€˜์ง€๋„โ€™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ด๋А ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๋งจ๋”๋ง(gerrymandering)์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ •์น˜ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์€ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋А๊ปด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง€๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฅ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฆ„๋ฟ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฑ„ ์†Œ์™ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๋ณต์Šค(Vox) ์ฑ„๋„์˜ โ€˜์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด, ์•ก์ถ”์–ผ๋ฆฌ(America, Actually)โ€˜์—์„œ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํŒŒํ—ค์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹œํ—˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์ด โ€˜๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ธโ€™๋ฅผ ์™ธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ โ€˜์ˆ˜ํ˜ธโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ ์–ด๋„ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋“ฑ์žฅ ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์€ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์น˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์˜ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋А ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์€ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์ƒ์›์ด ์—ฌ๋ก ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์„ ์ด ๋Š˜ ์ผ๊ณฑ ๊ฐœ ์ฃผ์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๋Š” ํฐ ์ด์œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜1์ธ 1ํ‘œ(one person, one vote)โ€˜๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ ํ™”์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ โ€˜๋ณดํ˜ธโ€™๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด โ€˜๊ฐœ์„ โ€™๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜1์ธ 1ํ‘œโ€™๋Š” ์‹ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋œ ํ˜„์‹ค: ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ

๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ(ํ˜น์€ ๋ถ€์žฌ)๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด โ€˜1์ธ 1ํ‘œโ€™์˜ ์‹ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์™œ๊ณกํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1. ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ ์ œ๋„(Electoral College): ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋น„๋ก€์˜ ์™œ๊ณก

๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ, ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„ ์ „์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ ์ œ๋„(Electoral College)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ•ฉ์ฃผ(battleground states)๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 6~7๊ฐœ ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€์„  ํ›„๋ณด๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ํŠน์ • ์ฃผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ๋„˜์–ด, ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ ํˆฌํ‘œ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2024๋…„ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ(relative voting power)์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์ฐจํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์€ ์ฃผ๋“ค, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์™€์ด์˜ค๋ฐ(Wyoming), ๋ฒ„๋ชฌํŠธ(Vermont), ์•Œ๋ž˜์Šค์นด(Alaska), ๋…ธ์Šค๋‹ค์ฝ”ํƒ€(North Dakota) ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ์ฃผ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ฐ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ€์ง‘ ์ฃผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์˜คํ•˜์ด์˜ค(Ohio), ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ์ด๋‹ˆ์•„(Pennsylvania), ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„(Michigan), ๋‰ด์š•(New York)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€๋งŒ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ฃผ์˜ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ํ•œ ํ‘œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์˜ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ํ•œ ํ‘œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, โ€˜1์ธ 1ํ‘œโ€™ ์›์น™์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ›ผ์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2. ์ƒ์›(Senate): ์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ

์ƒ์› ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์— ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ์ƒ์›์˜์›์„ ๋ฐฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ(state) ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ(Washington Post)๊ฐ€ 2023๋…„์— ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ์ฐจํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์€ ์ฃผ์— ๋” ํฐ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ธ์ข…์ , ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์ฐจํŠธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์™€์ด์˜ค๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ 1๋ช…์ด ์ƒ์›์—์„œ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ 68๋ช…, ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ์ฃผ๋ฏผ 50๋ช…, ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋ฏผ 37๋ช…์ด ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋งž๋จน์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ˆซ์ž์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋„˜์–ด, ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์—๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์™€์ด์˜ค๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ 1๋ช…๊ณผ ๋งž๋จน๋Š” ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ 68๋ช… ์ค‘์—๋Š” ํ‘์ธ 3๋ช…, ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋ช…์˜ ํžˆ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹‰๊ณ„, 10์—ฌ ๋ช…์˜ ์•„์‹œ์•„๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์™€ ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค์—์„œ๋„ ๋น„๋ฐฑ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์€๋ฐ, ์ƒ์› ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์••๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํŠน์ • ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3. ํ•˜์› ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ(House Districts): ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์—†๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€

์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์ด์ž ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์ธ ํ•˜์› ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ(House districts)์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. G. ์—˜๋ฆฌ์—‡ ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์Šค(G. Elliot Morris)์˜ ์ฐจํŠธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, 1976๋…„์—๋Š” 90๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์ธ ํ•˜์› ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2000๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 60~65๊ฐœ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์–ด ์•ฝ 30๊ฐœ ์ •๋„์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์ด โ€˜๋ถ‰์€์ƒ‰(๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ์ง€์ง€) ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌโ€™๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์กฐ์ •(redistricting)ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ๋” ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๋งจ๋”๋ง์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, โ€˜๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป๋Š”๊ฐ€?โ€™, โ€˜๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€?โ€™, โ€˜๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?โ€˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด์—๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํ›„๋ณด์ž ์ž์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค 11์›” ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๋งจ๋”๋ง ์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๋ถ€์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ

ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ค‘์ธ ์žฌ์กฐ์ • ์ „์Ÿ(redistricting wars)์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์— ์ค‘๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์••๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๋ก€ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ์–‘๋‹น ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‹นํŒŒ์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ๋œํ•œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ด์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ๋ฒ•(Voting Rights Act) ์•ฝํ™” ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

PBS ์ •์น˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฐ€์ด์ž ์ฟก ์ •์น˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ(Cook Political Report)์˜ ๋ฐœํ–‰์ธ ๊ฒธ ํŽธ์ง‘์žฅ์ธ ์—์ด๋ฏธ ์›”ํ„ฐ(Amy Walter)๋Š” ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์ด ์ฃผ๋ฏผํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ†ต๊ณผ๋œ ๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋’ค์ง‘๊ณ , ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์ด ๋ฃจ์ด์ง€์• ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ ์ผˆ๋ฆฌ(Louisiana v. Kelly) ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ๋ฒ• ์ œ2์กฐ๋ฅผ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์–‘์ธก ๋ชจ๋‘ ์žฌ์กฐ์ • ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์— 4~6์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์˜์„ ์ด๋“์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์žฌ์กฐ์ •์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์ด ์žฌ์กฐ์ •ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์—์„œ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์ด 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ์šฐ์„ธ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 3๊ฐœ๋งŒ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ์—ญ์‹œ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์กฐ์ •๋œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋“ค์€ 2020๋…„ ๋Œ€์„ ์—์„œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์— ํˆฌํ‘œํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ 2024๋…„ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์ด 2020๋…„๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ํˆฌํ‘œํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ•ด๋‹น ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์— ๋œ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๋งจ๋”๋ง(gerrymandering)์€ ์ด์ „ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์กฐ์ •์€ 10๋…„๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ๊ตฌ์„ฑ, ํˆฌํ‘œ์œจ, ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ด๋™ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์žฌ์กฐ์ •์€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ด๋“, ์ฆ‰ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› ํŒ๊ฒฐ์˜ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ ํšจ๊ณผ: ๋ฃจ์ด์ง€์• ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ ์ผˆ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด

๋ฃจ์ด์ง€์• ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ ์ผˆ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ๋ฒ• ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์˜ ์žฌ์กฐ์ • ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์šฉ์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด 11์›” ์˜ํšŒ ํ†ต์ œ์— ๋ฏธ์น  ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?

ํ…Œ๋„ค์‹œ์™€ ์•จ๋ผ๋ฐฐ๋งˆ์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณผ๋œ(์•จ๋ผ๋ฐฐ๋งˆ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘) ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด, ํ‘์ธ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ 3๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์— ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด ์ค‘ 2๊ฐœ๋Š” ํ‘์ธ ์˜์›์ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋˜ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 3์„์˜ ์†์‹ค์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ํฐ ๋ถ„๋…ธ์™€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์›๋“ค์€ 3์„์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ โ€˜๋ฒŒ์ง‘์„ ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ ค(stirring a hornetโ€™s nest)โ€™ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํˆฌํ‘œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ทนํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ํ‘์ธ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์ด ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์˜ ์žฌ์กฐ์ • ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ธ ์ฃผ์—์„œ ํ‘์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ํžˆ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹‰๊ณ„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„ํ• ํ•˜์—ฌ โ€˜์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ(lighter blue)โ€™ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์œ ์ธ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” โ€œํ‘์ธ ๋ฐ ์†Œ์ˆ˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑโ€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‹น์˜ ์˜์„ ์ˆ˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™”โ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์ด ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ๋น ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‰ด์ €์ง€(New Jersey)๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‰ด์ €์ง€์—๋Š” ํ‘์ธ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ํžˆ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹‰๊ณ„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„ํ• ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น์— ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์•ˆ: โ€˜๋ณดํ˜ธโ€™๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด โ€˜๊ฐœ์„ โ€™์œผ๋กœ

๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ โ€˜๋ณดํ˜ธโ€™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด โ€˜๊ฐœ์„ โ€™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •์น˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—์ด๋ฏธ ์›”ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ง€ํŒก์ด๋ฅผ ํœ˜๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋” ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ โ€˜์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ(primary process)โ€˜๋ฅผ ๊ผฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ทผ์›: ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ(Primary Process)

์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” 100์—ฌ ๋…„ ์ „, ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€์™€ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ€์‹ค์—์„œ ํ›„๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋˜ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ โ€˜๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์กดโ€™ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ด์ต ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์€ ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์™œ๊ณกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ขŒํŒŒ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šฐํŒŒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์–ด, ์ค‘๋„์ ์ด๊ณ  ํƒ€ํ˜‘์ ์ธ ํ›„๋ณด๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ํ›„๋ณด๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์˜์›๋“ค์ด โ€˜์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰(๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ์šฐ์„ธ)โ€™ ๋˜๋Š” โ€˜์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰(๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น ์šฐ์„ธ)โ€™ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‹น์„ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋ณธ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœํ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2. ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ… ๋ชจ์ƒ‰: ์ „๊ตญ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ์ผ ์ œ์•ˆ

์—์ด๋ฏธ ์›”ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜์ „๊ตญ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ์ผ(national primary day)โ€˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์ ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํˆฌํ‘œ(open ballot)๋กœ, ๋ชจ๋“  ํ›„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํˆฌํ‘œ์šฉ์ง€์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ, ๋งค๋…„ 6์›” ์ฒซ์งธ ํ™”์š”์ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ๋‚ ์งœ์— ์ „๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋…๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„(California)๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ, ์ƒ์œ„ 2๋ช… ๊ฒฐ์„ ํˆฌํ‘œ(top two primary), ์‰ฌ์šด ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž ๋“ฑ๋ก, ์šฐํŽธํˆฌํ‘œ, ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋ฐœ์˜(ballot initiatives) ๋“ฑ ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœํ˜๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ†ต์น˜๋ฅผ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ถ€์— ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋А๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋ฐœ์˜์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ โ€˜๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ญ˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€?โ€˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ ฅ๊ฐ์„ ๋А๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœํ˜ ์ž์ฒด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋А๋‚€๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

3. ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• 

๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ โ€˜์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐโ€™์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜์›๋“ค์€ ๋ฌต๋ฌตํžˆ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค, ๋…ผ๋ž€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋กœ ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ง์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ์‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Šฅ๋ฅ ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์Šน์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๋„ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€๋งŒ, ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐœํ˜๋„ ํฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ โ€˜์šฐ๋ฆฌโ€™, ์ฆ‰ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜ผ๋ˆ ์†์—์„œ ํฌ๋ง ์ฐพ๊ธฐ: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ โ€˜์Šฌ๋กœ๊น…โ€™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ

์—์ด๋ฏธ ์›”ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ โ€˜๊ณ ๊ตฐ๋ถ„ํˆฌ(slogging through)โ€˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‚˜์•„์™”๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ตฐ๋ถ„ํˆฌ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŠนํžˆ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์„ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€์˜ โ€˜์ดˆ๋‹นํŒŒ์  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ(bipartisanship and comity)โ€™ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฉ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1979๋…„์ด๋‚˜ 1983๋…„์— ํŒ ์˜ค๋‹(Tip Oโ€™Neill)๊ณผ ๋กœ๋„๋“œ ๋ ˆ์ด๊ฑด(Ronald Reagan)์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜€๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ โ€œ์™œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๊ฐ™์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”๊ฐ€?โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” โ€˜์˜ˆ์™ธ์ โ€™์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ๊ณผ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ โ€˜์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šตโ€™์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณ ๊ตฐ๋ถ„ํˆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์•„์ง ์ Š๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฏผ์กฑ, ๋‹ค์ธ์ข… ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ†ต์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฌ์œ (grace)๋ฅผ ์ค„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๋ฌธ์ œ ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜?โ€๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด์™”๊ณ , ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ โ€˜๊ณ ๊ตฐ๋ถ„ํˆฌโ€™ ์†์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” โ€˜1์ธ 1ํ‘œโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›์น™์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ›ผ์†๋  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ธ๋‹จ ์ œ๋„, ์ƒ์›์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๋งจ๋”๋ง์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์—†๋Š” ํ•˜์› ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ต์••ํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์ • ์„ธ๋ ฅ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ โ€˜๋ณดํ˜ธโ€™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด, ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐœํ˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ โ€˜๊ฐœ์„ โ€™์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ โ€˜๊ณ ๊ตฐ๋ถ„ํˆฌโ€™ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.