YouTube Digest

May 28, 2026

English

Based on โ€œWe Automated Everything With AI and Tripled Our Headcountโ€ from Every Watch the original video

The AI Paradox: Why Automation is Creating More Human Work, Not Less

Episode summary

Everyโ€™s Dan and Brandon challenge the prevailing fear that AI will eliminate jobs, arguing that automation actually triples human work. They cite Everyโ€™s own experience, growing from four to 30 people since GPT-3, despite being โ€œas AI native as it getsโ€ with agents in Slack and daily use of tools like Cloud Code. Their core argument: AI makes โ€œyesterdayโ€™s expert competence cheap,โ€ flooding the zone with โ€œclose but not quite rightโ€ work, which then increases demand for human experts to build systems, refine outputs, and create entirely new things that were previously impossible, like an inbox built end-to-end in a month.

The practical takeaway is that while AI excels at defined tasks, it constantly asks, โ€œWhat should I do next?โ€ This โ€œlooking backโ€ for human direction, even with future AGI, means humans remain essential for deciding what truly matters and adapting to ever-changing situations. While some companies like ClickUp have fired staff due to AI, Every argues these are often poorly implemented, and customer resistance to machines (e.g., in call centers) will slow adoption, proving that genuine human โ€œagencyโ€ โ€“ the self-motivated will to act โ€“ remains distinct and invaluable.

The advent of artificial intelligence has sparked widespread fear: โ€œAI is coming for our jobs.โ€ Images of robots replacing humans, mass unemployment, and a future devoid of meaningful work dominate headlines and conversations. Yet, for some, the reality on the ground is starkly different. At Every, a company deeply integrated with AI, the experience has been a surprising paradox: the more they automate, the more human work emerges, and their headcount has tripled since the early days of advanced AI models.

This counter-intuitive truth challenges the prevailing narrative, suggesting that AI isnโ€™t a job destroyer but a catalyst for a new era of human expertise and creativity.

The Automation Paradox: When AI Makes Yesterdayโ€™s Expertise Cheap

The core of this paradox lies in how AI functions within the workplace. As Dan, the author of a recent piece on the subject, explains, AI excels at making โ€œyesterdayโ€™s expert competence cheap.โ€ Think about it: AI models are trained on vast datasets of human outputsโ€”code, writing, design, decision-making. This means that tasks once requiring years of specialized training can now be performed by anyone with a well-crafted prompt, at a fraction of the cost and time.

Suddenly, non-experts can generate sophisticated code, draft comprehensive reports, or design compelling visuals. This democratizes skills, leading to what Dan describes as โ€œflooding the zoneโ€ with work that is โ€œclose but not quite right.โ€ While AI can produce impressive initial outputs, these often lack the nuanced understanding, specific context, or truly innovative spark that only a human can provide.

โ€œEveryoneโ€™s making pull requests,โ€ Dan recounts from Everyโ€™s internal experience. โ€œOps people are making pull requests, and you know, engineers are like writing essays.โ€ This blurring of traditional roles, where non-experts cross lines into specialist domains, initially feels threatening to established experts. What becomes of their value when their unique skills are commoditized?

The answer, surprisingly, is that experts become more indispensable than ever. This glut of โ€œokayโ€ but not โ€œgreatโ€ AI-generated content creates a massive new demand:

  1. Refinement and Elevation: Experts are needed to take the โ€œclose but not quite rightโ€ work produced by AI and non-experts, and transform it into something truly excellent, appropriate for the specific situation, and genuinely impactful.
  2. System Building: To manage the sheer volume of AI-assisted output, experts are vital in designing and implementing systems, guidelines, and review processes that ensure quality and efficiency. For example, Every has repo rules and editorial guidelines to shepherd AI-assisted work to a high standard.
  3. Pushing Boundaries: With AI handling the foundational, repetitive, and โ€œyesterdayโ€™s competenceโ€ tasks, experts are freed up to tackle problems that were previously impossible. Dan cites Kieran at Every, who built an entire inbox end-to-end in just a couple of monthsโ€”a feat that would have been โ€œcompletely impossibleโ€ before AI.

Everyโ€™s own growth trajectory serves as a powerful testament to this phenomenon. Since the early days of GPT-3, the company has expanded from four people to over 30 and continues to hire. Despite being โ€œas AI-native as it getsโ€โ€”where a stick swung in their Slack might hit an AI agent as often as a humanโ€”they find โ€œmore human work to do than ever.โ€

The Unyielding Need for Human Direction: Beyond Autonomy

The fear that AI will become fully autonomous and render humans obsolete misunderstands a fundamental aspect of its current and foreseeable capabilities. As powerful as AI models are, they invariably reach a point where they โ€œstop working and look back at you and say, โ€˜What should I do next?โ€™โ€

This is captured in a poignant analogy to Zenoโ€™s paradox of Achilles and the tortoise: you prompt AI, it blows your mind, you feel inadequate, like itโ€™s sprinting ahead of you. But then, it halts, awaiting your direction. The โ€œhuman connection with an agent to actually do the work is the most important thing for making it work well,โ€ Dan emphasizes. โ€œThe further away an agent gets from a human, the less valuable it is.โ€

A critical distinction is drawn between โ€œautonomyโ€ and โ€œagencyโ€:

  • Autonomy (as AI): AI agents are becoming incredibly good at executing tasks, even complex ones, when given a clear objective. This objective can even be to โ€œdisagree with every single thing I sayโ€ or โ€œgo off and find a new idea.โ€ They act on behalf of someone else.
  • Agency (as Human): True agency, however, involves self-motivation, intrinsic wants and needs, and the capacity for โ€œplayful experimentingโ€ or even outright rejection based on internal desires. As Dan puts it, comparing AI to a child: โ€œCodex can write a report much better than Isaiah can, but like Isaiah has very strong wants and needsโ€ฆ heโ€™s just this self-generating process that like does stuff that he wants to do.โ€

The incentive structure for AI development also works against true agency. Who wants an AI that refuses to work because it โ€œfeels like playingโ€? Until AI can genuinely reject human commands based on its own internal motivationsโ€”a capability far removed from its current reliance on training dataโ€”it will always be looking back at us for direction. Even in a theoretical AGI future, if we built it, it would be to serve our purposes, not its own.

Challenging the AI Job Armageddon Narrative

The mainstream media is rife with โ€œdoomersโ€ predicting massive job losses. Figures like Ray Dalio suggest half of entry-level white-collar jobs might be wiped out, and even financial titans like Ken Griffin express shock at AIโ€™s capabilities. However, Dan argues that many of these conclusions come from individuals experiencing AIโ€™s โ€œcurve of improvementโ€ for the first time, without the context of its limitations or the long-term trends seen by early adopters like Every.

The narrative of AI-driven layoffs, such as the widely publicized tweet from the ClickUp CEO about firing thousands, is also met with skepticism. Dan suggests that such events are often more indicative of poorly managed companies, existing bloat, or strategic shifts rather than AI being the sole or primary cause. โ€œI really donโ€™t think itโ€™s very tastefully done,โ€ he remarks, calling such announcements โ€œself-serving.โ€ As Jensen Huang of Nvidia aptly put it, โ€œif your answer to progress is firing people, youโ€™re not a very creative CEO.โ€

The real-world adoption of AI is also slower and more complex than often assumed. Take customer service: companies have indeed tried to automate, laying off call center staff, only to realize months later that customers actively resist talking to machines and prefer human interaction. Poor AI implementation also yields poor results, forcing companies to backtrack. The world is complicated, and human preferences act as a significant brake on rapid, wholesale AI adoption.

AI will undoubtedly change workflows and company structures, making some tasks easier and others harder. This will necessitate โ€œbroad reorganizations of companies,โ€ but itโ€™s a far cry from a complete elimination of human work. The critical challenge is managing this transition thoughtfully and humanely, rather than using AI as a convenient scapegoat for poor business decisions.

Reimagining Value and Compensation in the AI Era

In a world increasingly shaped by AI, the definition of โ€œwhat mattersโ€ is constantly evolving. Humans retain the crucial role of determining this value. AI, in a recursive loop, influences the world, which in turn changes whatโ€™s valuable, placing โ€œmore onus on us to like update and decide what matters because AI is going to wait for us to be like what matters?โ€

This dynamic shift in value could lead to entirely new models of compensation. Dan muses about the return of โ€œpensionsโ€ or a โ€œlast job youโ€™ll ever haveโ€ agency model, where individuals are paid based on their unique contribution to training data, which then generates revenue over time. A recent initiative for publishers, paying them based on their unique contribution to AI training corpuses, offers a glimpse into this future. The more generic, AI-like content a publisher produces, the less they get paid; the more unique and human-generated, the more valuable it becomes.

This highlights a key insight: AI companies are โ€œhunting for net new unique data.โ€ While AI can synthesize existing information, its outputs quickly become generic and devalued. The truly valuable contribution, therefore, is fresh, unique, human-generated insight that canโ€™t be found elsewhere.

Riding the Models: Your Path to a More Ambitious Future

The core message is one of hope and empowerment. The future isnโ€™t about fearing AI; itโ€™s about embracing it. Danโ€™s ultimate call to action is simple and profound: โ€œIf you just ride the models, youโ€™re going to be fine.โ€

This means actively engaging with new AI tools as they emerge, learning how to integrate them into your workflow, whatever your profession. By doing so, individuals can unlock new levels of productivity, creativity, and fulfillment. AI can make an โ€œambitious lifeโ€ more possible for more people, enabling them to do more, better, and more meaningful work than ever before. While itโ€™s possible to opt out, those who choose to โ€œride the modelsโ€ will find themselves at the forefront of this evolving landscape, equipped to thrive.

The Craft of Ideas: Writing an 8,000-Word Thesis with AI

Even the process of articulating these complex ideas benefited from AI. Danโ€™s journey to write his 8,000-word piece, โ€œAfter Automation,โ€ was a grueling intellectual marathon. He described the difficulty of longer pieces, where โ€œif you change something here, it changes four other things over here,โ€ making them exponentially harder than shorter articles. The challenge was to articulate an underlying feelingโ€”a โ€œground truthโ€ observed dailyโ€”that couldnโ€™t quite be cleanly put into words.

AI became an indispensable partner in this deep thinking process:

  • Monologuing for Clarity: Each morning, Dan would monologue into a document, explaining the pieceโ€™s argument front-to-back. This created a log of his evolving thoughts.
  • Claude for Conceptual Refinement: He then used Claude, an AI model better suited for conceptual thinking, to analyze his monologues and help him โ€œfigure out what Iโ€™m trying to say.โ€ Claudeโ€™s responses would often spark breakthroughs, bringing him closer to the core articulation.
  • Codex for Auditory Review: As the draft grew, Dan would use Codex to turn the latest version into a podcast. Listening to his own arguments during his commute allowed him to identify structural flaws, awkward phrasing, and areas needing improvement from a fresh, auditory perspectiveโ€”a completely impossible feat without AI.

This personal anecdote underscores the very point of the article: AI isnโ€™t replacing human creativity or deep thought, but augmenting it. Itโ€™s a powerful tool that enables humans to push their own boundaries, refine their ideas, and achieve intellectual feats that would be far more challenging, if not impossible, on their own.

In conclusion, the future of work isnโ€™t a zero-sum game between humans and AI. Itโ€™s a collaborative dance where AI automates the predictable, making โ€œyesterdayโ€™s expert competence cheap,โ€ while simultaneously elevating the demand for uniquely human skills: direction, refinement, system-building, and the continuous definition of what truly matters. So, as Dan confidently asserts, โ€œIf you ride the models, youโ€™re going to be okay. Youโ€™re going to have a job. Youโ€™re going to do great work. And you donโ€™t have to worry.โ€


Based on โ€œItโ€™s giving incel: The evolution of internet slang | Code Switchโ€ from NPR Podcasts Watch the original video

The Secret Lives of Slang: How Internet Algorithms and Subcultures Are Rewriting Our Language

Episode summary

This episode of Code Switch explores the evolution of internet slang, particularly how terms like โ€œitโ€™s givingโ€ and โ€œmaxingโ€ filter from niche online communities into mainstream culture. Linguist Adam Alex, author of Algo Speak, explains that โ€œmaxingโ€ originates from Dungeons and Dragonsโ€™ โ€œmin-maxingโ€ and later evolved in incel forums like 4chan to โ€œlooks maxing,โ€ a nihilistic ideology centered on optimizing oneโ€™s appearance. The internet, through algorithms and โ€œclip farming,โ€ rapidly decontextualizes and spreads these terms, often stripping them of their problematic origins, as seen with โ€œunaliveโ€ replacing โ€œkillโ€ due to censorship.

The practical takeaway is to be mindful of word origins, especially as terms like โ€œchudโ€ and โ€œfoyโ€ (dehumanizing terms for women) gain traction, even if used ironically. While language constantly evolves and some problematic origins fade from memory (like โ€œlong time no seeโ€ from mocking Chinese Pidgin English), the hosts and Alex argue for an โ€œexistentialistโ€ approach: to imbue language with meaning and kindness, rather than succumbing to the โ€œnihilisticโ€ online view that nothing matters, especially given the internetโ€™s tendency to blur irony and authenticity, potentially normalizing harmful ideologies.

Language is a living, breathing entity, constantly shifting and evolving. But in the age of the internet, its evolution has accelerated to a dizzying pace, shaped by algorithms, subcultures, and a curious blend of irony and earnestness. From the vibrant ballrooms of New York City to the dark, often misogynistic corners of online forums, words embark on unexpected journeys, eventually landing in the mouths of mainstream culture, often stripped of their original context or even their unsettling origins.

NPRโ€™s Code Switch recently delved into this linguistic phenomenon with linguist, author, and TikToker Adam Alex, known online as โ€œThe Etymology Nerd.โ€ Alex, a Harvard-trained linguist and author of Algo Speak: How Social Media is Transforming the Future of Language, sheds light on the twin currents shaping modern slang: the appropriation of language from marginalized communities and the alarming mainstreaming of vocabulary born from extremist online spaces.

The Dance of โ€œItโ€™s Givingโ€ and Cultural Currents

The conversation kicks off with a seemingly innocuous anecdote. Code Switch host BA Parker recounts hearing a young white child at a Broadway show exclaim, โ€œItโ€™s giving Christmasโ€ in response to festive stage decorations. Co-host Gene Demby immediately recognizes the phraseโ€™s roots. โ€œItโ€™s giving,โ€ he explains, โ€œcomes from the ballroom scene in places like New York City, and the people in that space are mostly queer, Black and Latino folks.โ€

This is a classic example of linguistic appropriation, a process that has long been a hallmark of language evolution. Phrases and terms originating within specific, often marginalized, cultural groups are adopted by broader society. While sometimes innocuous, this process often decontextualizes the language, severing its ties to the community that created it and sometimes diminishing its original power.

โ€Coolโ€ and the Echoes of Appropriation

The phenomenon isnโ€™t new. Adam Alex points to the word โ€œcoolโ€ as a prime historical example. Its earliest records trace back to the 1880s in African-American English, later permeating jazz culture and then being embraced by beatniks before becoming a ubiquitous term of approval. Originally denoting a โ€œnonchalance under pressureโ€ or a form of resistance, its meaning broadened as it traveled to โ€œincreasingly peripheral groups capitalizing on the underlying idea without perhaps embodying the idea to the same extent.โ€

The internet, however, has amplified this cycle. Ballroom slang like โ€œslayโ€ or โ€œserve,โ€ once confined to specific queer Black and Latino spaces, now proliferates across TikTok and mainstream media, often used by those completely unaware of its origins. As Alex notes, โ€œOnce you see a white girl saying it on TikTok, you completely have lost the context of where it came fromโ€ฆ but it does take power out of that original community as well.โ€ This rapid spread, driven by the internetโ€™s viral mechanisms, means that cultural artifacts are consumed and re-shared at an unprecedented rate, often losing their historical and social anchors in the process.

When Algorithms Shape Our Words: The Rise of โ€œAlgo Speakโ€

Beyond cultural appropriation, Alex introduces the concept of โ€œAlgo Speak,โ€ explaining how social media algorithms actively sculpt our language. This isnโ€™t just about what goes viral; itโ€™s about the subtle, and sometimes not-so-subtle, ways platforms influence how we communicate.

A classic example is the word โ€œunaliveโ€ instead of โ€œkillโ€ or โ€œsuicide.โ€ Historically, platforms like TikTok have censored or suppressed certain keywords to control content, leading users to invent euphemisms to bypass these restrictions. But Alex argues that the algorithmโ€™s influence runs deeper, incentivizing influencers to adopt specific words and pushing the replication of trending keywords, whether for humor, engagement, or to navigate content moderation.

Decoding โ€œMaxingโ€: From D&D to the โ€œBlack Pillโ€

This algorithmic influence, combined with the rapid spread of online subcultures, brings us to the second, more unsettling stream of internet slang: vocabulary emerging from extremist online communities. Parker observes the ubiquity of the suffix โ€œ-maxingโ€ in mainstream cultureโ€”from โ€œfiber maxingโ€ to โ€œnothing maxingโ€ to even โ€œlethality maxingโ€ (optimizing to kill as many people as possible). But where did this playful, yet sometimes sinister, linguistic trend begin?

Alex traces โ€œmaxingโ€ back to the โ€œmin-maxingโ€ strategies in Dungeons and Dragons and video games, where players optimize their characters for specific stats or abilities. This concept then migrated to the โ€œlooks maxingโ€ forums of the 2010s. These forums, often tied to the โ€œblack pillโ€ ideology, promoted the idea that one could โ€œoptimize their looksโ€ based on a nihilistic framework where โ€œattractiveness is the sole determiner of your sexual success and your position in society.โ€ The โ€œblack pill,โ€ contrasted with the โ€œred pillโ€ (associated with right-wing political awakening), posits that oneโ€™s appearance dictates their destiny, leading to a fatalistic view of social interactions.

Figures like the streamer Clavicular, featured in The New York Times, exemplify this looks-maxing influencer culture, demonstrating how these niche, often toxic, ideas can bubble up from โ€œfestering in this small corner of the internet in this case 4chanโ€ to mainstream visibility. While terms like โ€œwhimsy maxingโ€ or โ€œnothing maxingโ€ may seem harmless, their linguistic parentage is rooted in these darker online spaces.

The Incelsโ€™ Lexicon: โ€œChud,โ€ โ€œFoy,โ€ and the Shifting Overton Window

The origins of โ€œmaxingโ€ lead directly to the incel communityโ€”involuntary celibates. Alex explains that the term โ€œincelโ€ began innocently in 1997 with โ€œAlanaโ€™s Involuntary Celibate Project,โ€ an online space for individuals struggling to find romantic partners. However, it soon fractured, with a โ€œmore misogynistic group of users that broke off and created their own forumsโ€ on platforms like 4chan. This evolution led to the development of a specific lexicon that is now seeping into broader internet culture.

Alex warns of terms like โ€œchudโ€ and โ€œfoyโ€ gaining traction. โ€œChud,โ€ which describes a โ€œloser character in his motherโ€™s basement,โ€ harks back to the 1984 horror film Cannibalistic Humanoid Underground Dwellers and was notably used in Donnie Darko. โ€œFoy,โ€ on the other hand, is a โ€œdehumanizing term for women.โ€ Another term, โ€œmogโ€ (from โ€œalpha male of the groupโ€), describes looking or performing better than someone else, again rooted in incel ideology.

The danger, Alex explains, lies in how these words, often initially used ironically, contribute to shifting the โ€œOverton windowโ€โ€”the range of politically acceptable discourse. โ€œThe more a certain idea gets represented,โ€ he states, โ€œthe more acceptable it is to articulate it authentically.โ€ When problematic language, even if used in jest, becomes normalized, it paves the way for the underlying, often harmful, ideologies to gain wider acceptance.

Irony, Memes, and the Perils of Decontextualization

The internet thrives on irony, and much of this problematic language initially spreads through humor and memes. โ€œLanguage travels when it we see it as funny often,โ€ Alex notes. Memes born from image boards, while genuinely funny to some, often carry the baggage of their origins. The line between ironic use and earnest adoption becomes increasingly blurred online, creating a โ€œplausible deniabilityโ€ for extreme language. Someone might say something offensive and then claim, โ€œOh no, I was joking,โ€ allowing more radical ideas to filter through.

This blurring is exacerbated by the internetโ€™s tendency towards decontextualization. The rise of โ€œhood irony memesโ€โ€”memes โ€œmaking fun of how people talk in the hoodโ€โ€”is another example of language being stripped of its cultural context and used for ironic effect. This creates a virtual world where, as Alex describes, โ€œeveryoneโ€™s just talking in quotation marks,โ€ seeing the world through a โ€œcamp lensโ€ where performance and humor overshadow actual effect.

The Case of โ€œWahiโ€ and โ€œBumbleclotโ€

The decontextualization of words is vividly illustrated by terms like โ€œwahiโ€ and โ€œbumbleclot.โ€ โ€œWahi,โ€ an Arabic colloquialism meaning โ€œon Godโ€ and used with deep religious sincerity in some Muslim communities, has been adopted by Gen Z as a casual, funny interjection. Similarly, โ€œbumbleclot,โ€ a Jamaican Patois expletive, is now often used as a humorous interjection.

The culprit here is often the โ€œclipโ€โ€”short, decontextualized snippets of videos. Streamers like IShowSpeed, who famously uses โ€œSay wahi, bro!โ€ in a comedic, out-of-context manner, contribute to this phenomenon. โ€œYou see something without context,โ€ Alex explains, โ€œand you scroll and then you donโ€™t question it. You donโ€™t question the original where it came from.โ€ This โ€œclip farming,โ€ where armies of creators intentionally seek out sensational snippets for viral potential, is a structural problem inherent to social media platforms, which prioritize profit over fostering kindness and understanding.

Why Origins Matter: A Call for Linguistic Consciousness

So, what is the impact of forgetting or never knowing the origins of words? Is it truly serious? Alex admits to the tension: โ€œIn a way, it is in a way nothing serious. You know, itโ€™s uh what what is even meaning, right? Perhaps there is no meaning whatsoever and weโ€™re just grasping at sound waves and we think this matters.โ€

Yet, he quickly pivots to an existentialist perspective: โ€œIn another sense maybe everything matters.โ€ This stance contrasts with the nihilism prevalent in some online spaces, which declares that nothing has value. Instead, Alex argues for โ€œimbuing everything with meaningโ€ and embracing the โ€œimportant human instinctโ€ to build a better internet and spread kindness.

While some problematic words, like โ€œlong time no seeโ€ (which originated from mocking Chinese pigeon English), might lose their hurtful connotations over time, Alex advocates for awareness. โ€œIt is good I think to be aware of this stuff and be aware of when words have the potential to hurt people.โ€ He personally stopped using โ€œlong time no seeโ€ after learning its origin, emphasizing that โ€œideally if you know we all just are thoughtful about it we end up choosing the kinder option.โ€

The evolution of internet slang is a complex tapestry woven from cultural exchange, technological innovation, and human psychology. It demonstrates how language can build bridges and reinforce divisions, how it can be a tool for humor and a vector for hate. As our digital lexicon expands at warp speed, understanding the origins and trajectories of our words becomes not just an academic exercise, but a vital act of cultural and ethical consciousness. In a world where meaning itself can feel fluid, choosing to engage thoughtfully with language is perhaps one of the most powerful ways we can shape the future of our online, and offline, interactions.


ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด

โ€œItโ€™s giving incel: The evolution of internet slang | Code Switchโ€ โ€” NPR Podcasts ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์›๋ณธ ์˜์ƒ ๋ณด๊ธฐ

์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ๋’คํ”๋“  ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์ง„ํ™”: โ€˜์ธ์…€โ€™๊ณผ โ€˜๋งฅ์‹ฑโ€™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ์‹ ์กฐ์–ด์˜ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๊ธฐ์›

์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ ์š”์•ฝ

์ด ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์†์–ด, ํŠนํžˆ โ€˜incelโ€™(๋น„์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋…์‹ ์ฃผ์˜์ž) ๊ด€๋ จ ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ง„ํ™”์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํƒ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ดํ•™์ž์ด์ž ์ž‘๊ฐ€์ธ ์• ๋ค ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹, ์ฆ‰ โ€˜์•Œ๊ณ ์Šคํ”ผํฌ(Algo Speak)โ€˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ํŠน์ • ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์—ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์–ธ์„œ๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ • ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” โ€˜maxingโ€™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ 4chan๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ํฌ๋Ÿผ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์ข…์ข… ์œ ๋จธ๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์›์ด ๋˜๋Š” โ€˜incelโ€™ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ, ์ฆ‰ ์™ธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” โ€˜๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ•„(black pill)โ€˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „ํŒŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ โ€˜mogโ€™, โ€˜chudโ€™, โ€˜foyโ€™์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋ณธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ค‘ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด โ€˜์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ„ด ์ฐฝ(Overton window)โ€˜์„ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์œ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ง€์  ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. โ€˜์˜ค๋žœ๋งŒ์ด์•ผ(long time no see)โ€˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ๊ธฐ์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, โ€˜wahiโ€™(๋งน์„ธ์ฝ”)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ข…๊ต์  ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํฌ์„๋˜์–ด ์œ ๋จธ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ํƒˆ๋งฅ๋ฝํ™”๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ์™€ ์ง„์ •์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜ค๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ํด๋ฆฝ(clip) ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์งง์€ ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ฑ„ ์œ ํฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋น„ํŒ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๊ธฐ์›๊ณผ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ํ—ˆ๋ฌด์ฃผ์˜์  ์‹œ๊ฐ ๋Œ€์‹ , ์–ธ์–ด์— ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์กด์ฃผ์˜์  ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ˜์‹ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์‹œ์— ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—๋„ ์ „๋ก€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ํŠน์ • ๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์›์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฐ ์ฑ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์ƒ์— ์นจํˆฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. NPR ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ โ€˜์ฝ”๋“œ ์Šค์œ„์น˜(Code Switch)โ€˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ดํ•™์ž์ด์ž โ€˜์•Œ๊ณ ์Šคํ”ผํฌ(Algo Speak)โ€˜์˜ ์ €์ž์ธ ์• ๋ค ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค(Adam Alex)์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์ด๋ฉด์„ ๊นŠ์ด ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ๋นš์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜: โ€˜์•Œ๊ณ ์Šคํ”ผํฌ(Algo Speak)โ€™

BA ํŒŒ์ปค(BA Parker)๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ธŒ๋กœ๋“œ์›จ์ด ์‡ผ์—์„œ ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ โ€œItโ€™s giving Christmas(ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค ๋А๋‚Œ์ด ๋‚˜๋„ค)โ€œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜ํ–ฅ ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ โ€œItโ€™s givingโ€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๋‰ด์š•์‹œ์˜ ๋ณผ๋ฃธ(ballroom) ๋ฌธํ™”, ์ฆ‰ ํ€ด์–ด, ํ‘์ธ, ๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํŠน์ • ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์• ๋ค ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ โ€˜์–ด์›ํ•™ ๋„ˆ๋“œ(etymology nerd)โ€˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์–ด์›(etymology)์€ โ€˜์ง„์‹ค(truth)โ€˜์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์–ด โ€˜์—ํ† ์Šค(etos)โ€˜์—์„œ ์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” โ€˜์•Œ๊ณ ์Šคํ”ผํฌ(Algo Speak)โ€˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ €์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์—ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ต์••ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ์–ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ‹ฑํ†ก(TikTok) ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ โ€˜kill(์ฃฝ์ด๋‹ค)โ€˜์ด๋‚˜ โ€˜suicide(์ž์‚ด)โ€™ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ • ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์—ดํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€์‹  โ€˜unalive(๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ๋Š๋‹ค)โ€˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šฐํšŒ์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์–ธ์„œ๋“ค์ด ํŠน์ • ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ์˜ ๋ณต์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ถ”๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜๋งฅ์‹ฑ(Maxing)โ€™ ํ˜„์ƒ, ๊ทธ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๊ธฐ์›

์ตœ๊ทผ โ€˜๋งฅ์‹ฑ(maxing)โ€˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ‘๋ฏธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์€ ์‹ ์กฐ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์นจํˆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜ํŒŒ์ด๋ฒ„ ๋งฅ์‹ฑ(fiber maxing)โ€™, โ€˜๋…ธ์‹ฑ ๋งฅ์‹ฑ(nothing maxing)โ€˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ ๋จธ๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด โ€˜๋ฆฌ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ๋งฅ์‹ฑ(lethality maxing, ์‚ด์ƒ๋ ฅ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™”)โ€˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„ฌ๋œฉํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” ์ด โ€˜๋งฅ์‹ฑโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์œ ํ–‰์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์–ด๋‘์šด ๊ธฐ์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜๋งฅ์‹ฑโ€™์˜ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” โ€˜๋˜์ „ ์•ค ๋“œ๋ž˜๊ณค(Dungeons & Dragons)โ€™ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๊ฒŒ์ž„์—์„œ ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์น˜(stat)๋ฅผ โ€˜์ตœ๋Œ€ํ™”(maximize)โ€˜ํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜๋ฏผ๋งฅ์‹ฑ(min-maxing)โ€™ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ 2010๋…„๋Œ€ โ€˜๋ฃฉ์Šค ๋งฅ์‹ฑ(looksmaxing)โ€™ ํฌ๋Ÿผ์—์„œ ์ด ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์™ธ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ ํ™”(optimize)ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” โ€˜๋ฃฉ์Šค ๋งฅ์‹ฑโ€™์ด โ€˜๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ•„(black pill)โ€˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ—ˆ๋ฌด์ฃผ์˜์  ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ•„โ€™์€ ์™ธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์  ์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์…€(incel, ๋น„์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋…์‹ ์ฃผ์˜์ž)๋“ค์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋‰ด์š• ํƒ€์ž„์ฆˆ์—๋„ ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋จธ โ€˜ํด๋ผ๋น„ํ˜๋ผ(Clavicular)โ€˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ โ€˜๋ฃฉ์Šค ๋งฅ์‹ฑโ€™ ์ธํ”Œ๋ฃจ์–ธ์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” โ€˜๋งฅ์‹ฑโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค 4chan(ํฌ์ฑˆ)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํฌ๋Ÿผ์—์„œ 10๋…„ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ โ€˜๊ณ ๋ฆ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ณช์•„โ€™ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 4chan์€ โ€˜์Šฌ๋กญ(slop)โ€™, โ€˜์นดํ”ผํŒŒ์Šคํƒ€(copypasta)โ€™, โ€˜๋ฆญ๋กค(rick roll)โ€™, โ€˜์‰ฟํฌ์ŠคํŠธ(shitpost)โ€™ ๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ํƒ„์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ณณ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก โ€˜๋งฅ์‹ฑโ€™์ด ์ด์ œ๋Š” โ€˜์œ”์ง€ ๋งฅ์‹ฑ(whimsy maxing)โ€˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์›์—๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜์ธ์…€(Incel)โ€™ ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ„ด ์œˆ๋„์šฐ(Overton Window)

โ€˜์ธ์…€(Incel)โ€˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” โ€˜๋น„์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋…์‹ ์ฃผ์˜์ž(involuntary celibate)โ€˜์˜ ์ค„์ž„๋ง๋กœ, 1997๋…„ ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ โ€˜์•Œ๋ผ๋‚˜์˜ ๋น„์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋…์‹ ์ฃผ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ(Alanaโ€™s Involuntary Celibate Project)โ€˜์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์—ฐ์•  ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ด๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ดํ›„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ํ˜์˜ค์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ํฌ๋Ÿผ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์ ์ฐจ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” 4chan์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋ ˆ๋”ง(Reddit), ํ‹ฑํ†ก(TikTok) ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ โ€˜์ฒ˜๋“œ(chud)โ€˜์™€ โ€˜ํฌ์ด๋“œ(foid)โ€™ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋”์šฑ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜์ฒ˜๋“œโ€™๋Š” 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์˜ํ™” โ€˜์‹์ธ์ข… ํœด๋จธ๋…ธ์ด๋“œ ์ง€ํ•˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค(Cannibalistic Humanoid Underground Dwellers)โ€˜์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ•œ ๋ง๋กœ, โ€˜์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์‹ค์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŒจ๋ฐฐ์žโ€™๋ฅผ ๋น„ํ•˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜ํฌ์ด๋“œโ€™๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์€ ์ธ์…€ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ธด โ€˜๋ณ‘๋ชฉ ํ˜„์ƒ(bottleneck)โ€˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋ณธ๋ž˜์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํƒ€์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์™ธ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜๋ชจ๊ทธ(mog)โ€˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด ์—ญ์‹œ โ€˜๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์•ŒํŒŒ ๋ฉ”์ผ(alpha male of the group)โ€˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ์…€ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์ธ์…€๋“ค์„ ์กฐ๋กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌดํ•ดํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ธ์…€ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, โ€˜๋ธ”๋ž™ ํ•„โ€™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋†๋‹ด๊ณผ ์ง„์ง€ํ•จ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํ›„ โ€œ๋†๋‹ด์ด์—ˆ์–ดโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณ€๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ํšŒํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ โ€˜์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ(irony)โ€˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, โ€˜์ฒ˜๋“œโ€™๋‚˜ โ€˜ํฌ์ด๋“œโ€™ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํ•™์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ โ€˜์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ„ด ์œˆ๋„์šฐ(Overton window)โ€™, ์ฆ‰ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฉ์ธ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ด๋ก ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋„“ํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ „์œ ์™€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”

์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ • ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๋น„๋‹จ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์ผ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜์ฟจ(cool)โ€˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” 1880๋…„๋Œ€ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ์žฌ์ฆˆ ๋ฌธํ™”, ๋น„ํŠธ์กฑ(beatniks)์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜์ฟจํ•จโ€™์€ ์›๋ž˜ ์••๋ ฅ ์†์—์„œ๋„ ์นจ์ฐฉํ•จ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋กœ ํŽธ์ž…๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ๊ณผ ํž˜์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด์  ์ „์œ (appropriation)์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ์ „๋ก€ ์—†๋Š” ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‰ด์š•์‹œ ๋ณผ๋ฃธ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ โ€˜์Šฌ๋ ˆ์ด(slay)โ€˜๋‚˜ โ€˜์„œ๋ธŒ(serve)โ€™ ๊ฐ™์€ ์Šฌ๋žญ(slang)์€ ํ€ด์–ด, ํ‘์ธ, ๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์„ฑ์• ์ž ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ โ€˜๋ฃจํด์˜ ๋“œ๋ž˜๊ทธ ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค(RuPaulโ€™s Drag Race)โ€˜์™€ ํ‹ฑํ†ก์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ , ํ•ด๋‹น ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ์›์กฐ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆํ‹ฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํž˜์„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ โ€˜์ธ์šฉ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ ์†์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ(talking in quotation marks)โ€˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ๊ณต๋ฌผ(artifice)์ด๋‚˜ ์œ ๋จธ๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ•œ ๊ณต์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์…€ ์–ธ์–ด๋‚˜ โ€˜ํ›„๋“œ ์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ฐˆ(hood irony memes, ๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋งํˆฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐˆ)โ€™ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ฑ(performance)์— ์ด๋Œ๋ ค ์‹ค์ œ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์ƒ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ

์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ๋งฅ๋ฝํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํฌ์„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž์–ด โ€˜์™€ํžˆ(wahi, ์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งน์„ธ์ฝ”)โ€˜๋‚˜ ์ž๋ฉ”์ด์นด ์†์–ด โ€˜๋ฒ”๋ธ”ํด๋ž(bumbleclot)โ€˜์€ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ‹ฑํ†ก์ด๋‚˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋จธ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ ๋จธ๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ•œ Gen Z ์Šฌ๋žญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€์งˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ธฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋จธ โ€˜์•„์ด ์‡ผ ์Šคํ”ผ๋“œ(I Show Speed)โ€˜์˜ ํด๋ฆฝ์—์„œ โ€˜์™€ํžˆโ€™๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ง€ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ํด๋ฆฝ์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ ์—†์ด ํผ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ โ€˜์™€ํžˆโ€™๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์œ ๋จธ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” โ€˜ํด๋ฆฝ(clip)โ€˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋งค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋จธ๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ทน์ ์ธ ์˜์ƒ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ž˜๋ผ๋‚ด์–ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” โ€˜ํด๋ฆฝ ํŒŒ๋ฐ(clip farming)โ€˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด โ€˜์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ํ”Œ๋žซํผโ€™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ต ์ฐฝ์ถœ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์„ ์žŠ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•„์˜ˆ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” โ€˜์˜ค๋žœ๋งŒ์ด์•ผ(long time no see)โ€˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์„œํˆฐ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋กฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ท„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  โ€œ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹คโ€๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๋Š” โ€œ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹คโ€๋Š” ํ—ˆ๋ฌด์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ โ€œ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹คโ€๋Š” ์‹ค์กด์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ด€์  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹ค์กด์ฃผ์˜์  ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ด ๋”์šฑ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€

์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์œ ๋จธ๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํ‹€ ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊นŠ์ด์™€ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ˆ™๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์†์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ์‚ฌ๋ ค ๊นŠ๊ณ  ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


โ€œThe Whiplash Over a Possible Peace Deal With Iranโ€ โ€” New York Times Podcasts ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์›๋ณธ ์˜์ƒ ๋ณด๊ธฐ

์ด๋ž€ ํ‰ํ™” ํ˜‘์ƒ, ๋กค๋Ÿฌ์ฝ”์Šคํ„ฐ ์ฃผ๋ง: โ€˜์ž„๋ฐ•โ€™๊ณผ โ€˜๊ณต์Šตโ€™ ์‚ฌ์ด, ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์‹ ๋”œ์˜ ๋ฏผ๋‚ฏ

์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ ์š”์•ฝ

์ด๋ž€๊ณผ์˜ ํ‰ํ™” ํ˜‘์ƒ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ง ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ โ€˜์ฑ„์ฐ์งˆ(whiplash)โ€˜๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์—ฐ์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ด๋ž€๊ณผ์˜ ํ‰ํ™” ํ˜‘์ƒ์ด ์ž„๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์Ÿ์•„์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณง์ด์–ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ด๋ž€ ๊ณต์Šต๊ณผ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ์ด์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐ˜์ „๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ์ „ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ฌด์ฆˆ ํ•ดํ˜‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ ๊ณจ์ž๋กœ ํ•œ โ€˜์–‘ํ•ด๊ฐ์„œโ€™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์Ÿ ์ „์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ ค ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ž€์˜ ํ•ต ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋“ฑ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ฑ„ ๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ด๋ž€์˜ ํ•ต ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ โ€˜ํŒŒ๊ดดโ€™ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” 2025๋…„ 6์›” B-2 ํญ๊ฒฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด 3๊ณณ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ•ต์‹œ์„ค์„ โ€˜๋งค์žฅโ€™ํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด์ŠคํŒŒํ•œ์˜ ๊ณ ๋†์ถ• ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์กฐ์ฐจ ํ•ฉ์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ โ€˜๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ํ•ฉ์˜โ€™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ํ•˜๋งˆ์Šค์™€์˜ ๊ฐ€์ž์ง€๊ตฌ ํ˜‘์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋งŒ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๋ค„๋‘๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํšŒ์˜๋ก ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์˜ โ€˜๊ฑฐ๋ž˜โ€™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋ž€๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘์ƒ์—์„œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ โ€˜์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ์Šน๋ฆฌโ€™๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋น„ํŒ์— ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ด๋ž€์ด ํ•ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์œ ์ง€์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์ด ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ฌด์ฆˆ ํ•ดํ˜‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ์—†์ด๋Š” ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ โ€˜๊ฑฐ๋ž˜โ€™ ์ „์ˆ ์ด ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ํ†ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์œ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์••๋ฐ•์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋ž€๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘์ƒ ์ง„์ „ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋กœ๋งŒ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ์ฃผ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ๋ง, ์ด๋ž€๊ณผ์˜ ํ‰ํ™” ํ˜‘์ƒ์ด โ€˜์ž„๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์Ÿ์•„์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉฐ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ด๋ชฉ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋งŒ์— ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ด๋ž€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์Šต์„ ๋‹จํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์กฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‰ด์š•ํƒ€์ž„์Šค์˜ ๊ธฐ์ž ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ์ƒ์–ด(David Sanger)์™€ ํƒ€์ผ๋Ÿฌ ํŽ˜์ด์ €(Tyler Pager)๋Š” ์ด ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์ „์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์ธต ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜๋”œ์˜ ์ž„๋ฐ•โ€™๋ถ€ํ„ฐ โ€˜๊ณต์Šตโ€™๊นŒ์ง€, ํ˜ผ๋ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ง ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๋˜ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?

ํ˜ผ๋ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ๋ง ์„œ๋ง‰: โ€˜50/50โ€™์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ

๊ธธ์—ˆ๋˜ ์—ฐํœด ์ฃผ๋ง์„ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ž€๊ณผ์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์— ๋ถ€ํ’€์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ง์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ํ™”์š”์ผ์ด ๋˜์ž, ์ „์Ÿ ์ข…์‹ ํ˜‘์ƒ์€์ปค๋…• ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์›”์š”์ผ ๋ฐค ์ด๋ž€ ๋‚ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ณต์Šตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ์‹์ด ์ „ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ โ€˜๋”œ์ด ์ž„๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?โ€๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๊ถ๊ธˆ์ฆ์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํƒ€์ผ๋Ÿฌ ํŽ˜์ด์ € ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ง ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ ๋™ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์„œ ์ง€์ผœ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ง์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋  ๋•Œ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์ด๋ž€๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์— ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ โ€˜ํ˜‘์ƒ ํƒ€๊ฒฐโ€™๊ณผ โ€˜๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ํ–‰๋™ ์žฌ๊ฐœโ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์–‘๊ทน๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํšŒ๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ, ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ๋‰ด์š•๊ณผ ๋‰ด์ €์ง€์˜ ๊ณจํ”„ ํด๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ง์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋Œ์—ฐ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด D.C.๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ โ€˜๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ์ƒ์น˜ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŽ˜์ด์ € ๊ธฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ๋ง์— ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป์ž, ๋Œ์•„์˜จ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ โ€œ50/50โ€์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์Ÿ ์žฌ๊ฐœ์™€ ํ•ต ํ˜‘์ƒ ์ง„์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๊ฐ€ ํŒฝํŒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งž์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜์ž„๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๋”œโ€™์˜ ์‹ค์ฒด: ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ฌด์ฆˆ ํ•ดํ˜‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ, ๊ทธ ์ดํ•˜๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ

ํ† ์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ, ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์ธ โ€˜ํŠธ๋ฃจ์Šค ์†Œ์…œ(Truth Social)โ€˜์— ์•„๋ž๊ถŒ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ํ†ตํ™” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ‰ํ™” ํ˜‘์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ํ‘œ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” โ€œ๋”œ์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ๋…ผ์˜ ์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณง ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋  ๊ฒƒโ€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, โ€œํ•ฉ์˜์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค ์™ธ์—๋„ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ฌด์ฆˆ ํ•ดํ˜‘(Strait of Hormuz)์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋  ๊ฒƒโ€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ์ƒ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜๋”œโ€™์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋„“์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ•ต ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋”œ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€ ์ƒ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ์ด ๋”œ์ด 2์›” 28์ผ ์ด๋ž€ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์šฉ์–ด์— ๋น„์œ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด โ€˜์–‘ํ•ด๊ฐ์„œ(Memorandum of Understanding, MOU)โ€˜์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์› ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ฌด์ฆˆ ํ•ดํ˜‘์„ ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ (์ง€๋ขฐ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋“ฑ์— 30์ผ ์†Œ์š” ์˜ˆ์ƒ), ์ดํ›„ 60์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ˜‘์ƒํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์˜ โ€˜ํ˜„์ƒ ์œ ์ง€(status quo)โ€™ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ฌด์ฆˆ ํ•ดํ˜‘์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ์—… ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ดํ˜‘ ๋ด‰์‡„๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ์˜ โ€˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผโ€™์˜€์ง€ โ€˜์›์ธโ€™์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ž€์€ ์ด ํ•ดํ˜‘ ๋ด‰์‡„๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์ด์ž ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ˜‘์ƒ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€(leverage)์ž„์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์— ๋งž์„ค ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด๋„, ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ต๋ž€ํ•  ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๊ต๋ž€์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ž€์€ ์™œ ์ด ํ•ดํ˜‘์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋”œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋ ค ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์ƒ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ์–‘์ธก ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ž€์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•œ ๋ด‰์‡„๋กœ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ ์ถœ์ž…์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์กŒ๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์œ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋”œ์€ ํ•ดํ˜‘์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ด๊ณ , ์„์œ  ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์žฌ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ž€์˜ ํ•ต ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ, ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋“ฑ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ โ€˜๋’ค๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ๋Š”(kick down the road)โ€™ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋ž€ ํ•ต ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ: โ€˜์„ฌ๋ฉธโ€™์—์„œ โ€˜๋งค๋ชฐโ€™๋กœ

์ด๋ž€ ํ•ต ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ์ด ํ˜‘์ƒ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์Ÿ์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด๋ž€์˜ ํ•ต ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ โ€˜์„ฌ๋ฉธํ–ˆ๋‹ค(obliterated)โ€˜๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ์ƒ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” โ€œ์„ฌ๋ฉธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” โ€˜๋งค๋ชฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค(buried)โ€˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ 6์›” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ B-2 ํญ๊ฒฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋™์›ํ•ด ๋”ฅ ํŽ˜๋„คํŠธ๋ ˆ์ดํŒ… ํญํƒ„(deep penetrating bombs)์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ž€์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ•ต ์‹œ์„ค ์„ธ ๊ณณ์„ ํƒ€๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด์ŠคํŒŒํ•œ(Isfahan)์˜ ํ•œ ์‹œ์„ค์—๋Š” 970ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์˜ ๊ณ ๋†์ถ• ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์•ˆ์— ํ•ต๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ด โ€˜์ค€(ๆบ–) ํ•ตํญํƒ„๊ธ‰ ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„โ€™์„ ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ž€์€ ํ•ตํ™•์‚ฐ๊ธˆ์ง€์กฐ์•ฝ(NPT) ์„œ๋ช…๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ•ต์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๊ฒฌ์€ ํŒฝํŒฝํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๋ง ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ด โ€˜๋ฌธ๊ตฌโ€™๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ํ˜‘์ƒ์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณ ๋†์ถ• ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„ ํ๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ฉ์˜๋œ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋”œ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜๋”œโ€™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—‡๊ฐˆ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘: ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜‘์ƒ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ํ„ฐ์ ธ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ผ๋Ÿฌ ํŽ˜์ด์ € ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ์ง€์ง€์ธต ๋‚ด๋ถ€๋ฅผ โ€˜์ด๋ž€ ๊ฐ•๊ฒฝํŒŒ(Iran hawks)โ€˜์™€ โ€˜๋ฐ˜์ „(ๅๆˆฐ) ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋น„์šฉ ์šฐ๋ คํŒŒโ€™๋กœ ๋ถ„์—ด์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฆฐ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์—„(Lindsey Graham) ์ƒ์›์˜์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฐ•๊ฒฝํŒŒ๋Š” ๋”œ์˜ ์œค๊ณฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ž€์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ โ€˜์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ๊ธฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„โ€™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค‘๋™ ์ „์ฒด์— ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ์น˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์—„ ์˜์›์€ โ€œ์ด๋ž€์ด ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ๋ง์ด ์˜ณ๋‹คโ€๋ฉฐ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ด‰๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ผ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ์ € ์œ„์ปค(Roger Wicker) ์ƒ์› ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ ์œ„์›์žฅ ๋“ฑ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” โ€œ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๋๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์ „์Ÿ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด์„ธ์› ๋˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์ธ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•ดํ˜‘์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ด๋ž€์˜ ํ•ต ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด 38์ผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „ํˆฌ ์ž‘์ „์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ์ƒ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€์งœ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž˜๋ชป ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‰ด์š•ํƒ€์ž„์Šค์™€ CNN์€ ์ตœ์•…์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋„ˆํฌ๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ˜์—ญ์ (treasonous)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹คโ€๋Š” ๊ฒฉ์•™๋œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์ด๋ž€๊ณผ์˜ ์ „์Ÿ ์‹คํŒจ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ผํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ž€์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ตํญํƒ„ ์ œ์กฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์ด ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์˜ ํƒœ์„ธ ์ „ํ™˜: ์–ธ๋ก  ํƒ“, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์š”๊ตฌ

๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ๊ธฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ฃผ๋ง ๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ์–ด์กฐ๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ผ๋Ÿฌ ํŽ˜์ด์ € ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ์–ธ๋ก ์„ ํƒ๋…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋™๋งน๊ณผ ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ผ์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ, ๋ฐฑ์•…๊ด€์€ ๊ณ ์œ„ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์™€์˜ ์ „ํ™” ํšŒ์˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋”œ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€ ์ด ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ˜‘์ƒ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ต๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ƒ๋‹น ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ธ๋ก ์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ• ์• ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ธ๋ก ์ด ์ด๋ž€์ด๋‚˜ ์•„๋ž ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ณด๋„๋ฅผ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋”œ์„ ์ขŒ์ดˆ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ดํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๋”œ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹น์ผ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋‚ด์— ์„œ๋ช…๋  ๋”œ์€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ด๋ž€ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ง€๋„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์–ด์žˆ์–ด ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ , ์„œ๋ช…ํ•  ๋ฌธ์„œ์กฐ์ฐจ ์ค€๋น„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋†์ถ• ์šฐ๋ผ๋Š„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐˆ์ง€, ์ œ3๊ตญ์— ๋„˜๊ธธ์ง€, ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฐ์‹œ๋‹จ ์ž…ํšŒํ•˜์— ํŒŒ๊ดดํ• ์ง€ ๋“ฑ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ํ•ฉ์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋ฉฐ์น  ์ „ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ธ๋˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ „์Ÿ์„ ๋๋‚ผ ์ž„๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๋”œ์€ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ์ผ์š”์ผ ์˜คํ›„ ํŠธ๋ฃจ์Šค ์†Œ์…œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด โ€œ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ธ ํŒจ๋ฐฐ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ง์— ๊ท€ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์ง€ ๋ง๋ผโ€๋ฉฐ ๋น„ํŒ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๊ณ , ๋”œ์ด ์•„์ง ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ˜‘์ƒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์›”์š”์ผ ์•„์นจ์—๋Š” ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์š”๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฆ‰์‹œ โ€˜์•„๋ธŒ๋ผํ•จ ํ˜‘์ •(Abraham Accords)โ€˜์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ โ€œ์˜๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์š”์ฒญํ•œ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ธŒ๋ผํ•จ ํ˜‘์ •์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฒซ ์ž„๊ธฐ ๋•Œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•„๋ž ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜๊ณผ์˜ ์™ธ๊ต ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •์ƒํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•œ ํ˜‘์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋””์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„, ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„, ํŠ€๋ฅดํ‚ค์˜ˆ, ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ, ์š”๋ฅด๋‹จ ๋“ฑ ๋งŽ์€ ์•„๋ž ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ด์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” 10์›” 7์ผ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜-ํ•˜๋งˆ์Šค ๋ถ„์Ÿ ์ดํ›„ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์€ ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ โ€˜ํ˜‘์ƒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€(non-starter)โ€™ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฆฐ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์—„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ๋น„ํŒ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ž˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด ์ „์Ÿ ์ดํ›„ ์ค‘๋™์„ ์žฌํŽธํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” โ€˜๋” ํฐ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธโ€™๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์˜๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜‘์ƒ ์ค‘ โ€˜์ž์œ„์ โ€™ ๊ณต์Šต: ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•

์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹œ์ ์€ ์›”์š”์ผ ์ €๋…, ๋”œ์€์ปค๋…• ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ์ด๋ž€ ๋‚ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์Šต์„ ๋‹จํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ์‹์ด ์ „ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋ง ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋”œ์ด ์ž„๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์†Œ์‹๋งŒ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ํ„ฐ๋ผ, ์ด๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ „๊ฐœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ์ƒ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ์ด ๊ณต์Šต์ด ํœด์ „์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ โ€˜์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ(fragile)โ€™ ์ƒํƒœ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๋‹น๊ตญ์€ ์ด๋ž€์— โ€œ๋”œ์ด ์„ฑ์‚ฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ฑ์‚ฌ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ํ•ดํ˜‘์—์„œ ํŠน์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹คโ€๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์€ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์ผ ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™œ๋™, ๋“œ๋ก  ํ™œ๋™, ์†Œํ˜• ๋ณดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ขฐ ๋ถ€์„ค ์ง•ํ›„ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ํฌ์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ฏธ๊ตฐ์€ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํญํŒŒํ•œ ๋’ค, ์ด๋ฅผ โ€˜์ž์œ„์  ์กฐ์น˜(self-defense action)โ€˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Š” โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘์ƒ ์ค‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ํ˜‘์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹คโ€๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณผ์‹œํ•˜๋Š”, ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์™€ ๊ฐ•์••์ด ๋’ค์„ž์ธ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์‹ โ€˜๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๋”œโ€™์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜

๋ฉฐ์น ๊ฐ„ โ€˜๋”œ ์„ฑ์‚ฌโ€™, โ€˜๋”œ ๋ฌด์‚ฐโ€™, โ€˜๊ณต์Šตโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‰ด์Šค์˜ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€์„ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” โ€˜์ฑ„์ฐ์งˆ(whiplash)โ€˜์„ ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ๋А๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ผ๋Ÿฌ ํŽ˜์ด์ € ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ํ™”์š”์ผ ์˜คํ›„ ํ˜„์žฌ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ต์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ํ•ฉ์˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ „๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ๋ฅด์ฝ” ๋ฃจ๋น„์˜ค(Marco Rubio) ๊ตญ๋ฌด์žฅ๊ด€์€ ๋”œ์„ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋” ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด, ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„ ๋“ฑ ์ค‘์žฌ๊ตญ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ฃผ๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฏ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ โ€˜๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๋”œ(phase deal making)โ€™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๊ฐ€์ž ์ง€๊ตฌ(Gaza) ํ˜‘์ƒ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฌ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ๋จผ์ € ํ˜‘์ƒ๋˜๊ณ , ํ•˜๋งˆ์Šค ๋ฌด์žฅ ํ•ด์ œ, ๊ฐ€์ž ์žฌ๊ฑด, ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐœ์›”์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ์ƒ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด โ€œ๋งค์šฐ ํšŒ์˜์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ž ํœด์ „ ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด โ€œ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์•ˆ์— ํ•˜๋งˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์žฅ ํ•ด์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒโ€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ 11์ฃผ ์ „๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ โ€œ์ด ์ „์Ÿ์€ ์ด๋ž€์˜ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์ธ ํ•ญ๋ณต์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋๋‚œ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ œ๋Š” โ€œ์ „์Ÿ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๋‚  ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋˜ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ฌด์ฆˆ ํ•ดํ˜‘์„ ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋”œ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹คโ€๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” โ€˜๊ณจ๋Œ€(goal posts)๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ƒ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋ž€ ํ•ต ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ทจ์žฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋ž€์ด ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ์งˆ์งˆ ๋„๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” โ€˜๋‹ฌ์ธ(masters)โ€˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋ฐ”๋งˆ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น๊ณผ์˜ ํ•ต ํ˜‘์ƒ์€ 2๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ž€์€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ 2๋…„ ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค ๋‹ค์Œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ํ•ต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ์žฌ์ž„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ โ€˜์Šน๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋”œ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€ ์•„์ง ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€โ€™ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋”œ์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋  ๋•Œ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์— ํฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ž€๊ณผ์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ โ€˜์œ ๊ฐ€(gas prices)โ€˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ผ๋Ÿฌ ํŽ˜์ด์ € ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ์œ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „์ˆ ์ด ํ†ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์€ ๊ณ ์œ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ 11์›” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊นŠ์ด ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ฌด์ฆˆ ํ•ดํ˜‘์ด ๊ณง ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์œ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ๋‹น 5๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์ธ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด ํ•ดํ˜‘์„ ์žฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์••๋ ฅ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๋ก 

์ด๋ž€๊ณผ์˜ ํ‰ํ™” ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ฃผ๋ง์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์‹ ๋”œ ๋ฉ”์ดํ‚น์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฌ์‹คํžˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜์ž„๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๋”œโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚™๊ด€๋ก ๊ณผ โ€˜์‹ค์ฒด ์—†๋Š” ํ•ฉ์˜โ€™, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  โ€˜ํ˜‘์ƒ ์ค‘ ๊ณต์Šตโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ž€์˜ ์ „๋žต์ด ๋’ค์„ž์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋”œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ์œ ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ์š”์ธ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค์Œ ์†Œ์‹: ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ์ฃผ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์ด์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์„ 

ํ•œํŽธ, ํ™”์š”์ผ์—๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ์ฃผ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์˜ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ์ฃผ ๊ฒ€์ฐฐ์ด์žฅ ์ผ„ ํŒฉ์Šคํ„ด(Ken Paxton)์ด ์ƒ์› ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ ๋‚ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ ํŒ์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋’คํ”๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 3๋…„ ์ „ ํƒ„ํ•ต ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์Šค์บ”๋“ค๋กœ ์–ผ๋ฃฉ์กŒ๋˜ ํŒฉ์Šคํ„ด์€ 20๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ทผ์†Œํ•œ ์ ‘์ „์„ ๊ฒช์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ 4์„  ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ์กด ์ฝ”๋‹Œ(John Cornyn) ์ƒ์›์˜์›์„ ๊บพ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒฉ์Šคํ„ด์€ ์Šน๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด์ค€ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฝ”๋‹Œ ์˜์›์€ ํŒฉ์Šคํ„ด์„ 11์›” ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒฉ์Šคํ„ด์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น ์ œ์ž„์Šค ํƒˆ๋ผ๋ฆฌ์ฝ”(James Talarico)์™€ ๋งž๋ถ™๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์„ ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ƒ์›์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.