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May 13, 2026

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Based on โ€œWhat Newton and Einstein agreed on that our society doesnโ€™t | Sean Carrollโ€ from Big Think Watch the original video

Beyond the Clock: The Universeโ€™s Deep Secret About Timeโ€™s Direction

Time, for us, is an unwavering river, flowing inexorably forward. We remember yesterday, anticipate tomorrow, and watch ourselves age in one distinct direction. Yet, this fundamental experience of timeโ€™s arrow stands in stark contrast to the very laws that govern the cosmos. According to modern physics, the most fundamental rules of the universe operate perfectly well whether time runs forward or backward. So, what explains this profound discrepancy? Why can we recall the past but not the future?

Sean Carroll, a renowned theoretical physicist and philosopher at Johns Hopkins University, delves into this fascinating paradox, tracing our understanding of time from Isaac Newtonโ€™s absolute universe to Albert Einsteinโ€™s revolutionary spacetime, and finally to the surprising answer rooted in the universeโ€™s very origins.

Newtonโ€™s Grand Design: An Absolute Universe

For centuries, our conception of reality was shaped by Isaac Newton. A meticulous thinker, Newton laid the groundwork for classical mechanics, a system so successful it became the bedrock of physics for hundreds of years. Central to Newtonโ€™s framework was the idea of space and time as separate, absolute entities. Imagine a vast, unchanging stage upon which the drama of the universe unfolds. Space was a fixed grid, and time was a universal clock, ticking away identically for everyone, everywhere.

In this Newtonian universe, there was no โ€œpreferredโ€ position or velocity. The laws of physics worked the same whether you were stationary or moving at a constant speed. If you were a mile away from a point, everyone in the universe agreed on that distance. If you snapped your fingers at a precise moment, that moment was universally understood as simultaneous across the cosmos, whether in Los Angeles or Alpha Centauri. This intuitive, absolute view of space and time felt self-evident and perfectly matched observations of the celestial dance of planets and the terrestrial motion of objects.

The Electromagnetic Enigma: Maxwellโ€™s Challenge

However, the 19th century brought a new wave of scientific discovery that began to chip away at Newtonโ€™s absolutes. Pioneers like Benjamin Franklin, Michael Faraday, and Andrรฉ-Marie Ampรจre unveiled the mysteries of electricity and magnetism. It was James Clerk Maxwell who brilliantly unified these phenomena, writing down a set of equations that described the behavior of electric and magnetic fields.

Maxwellโ€™s equations were a triumph, but they contained a puzzling prediction: they implied a special, constant velocity for electromagnetic waves โ€“ the speed of light. This was deeply problematic for the Newtonian worldview. In Newtonโ€™s universe, if you threw a ball from a moving train, its speed would be the speed of the train plus the speed you threw it. But Maxwellโ€™s equations suggested that light always traveled at the same speed, regardless of how fast the observer or the light source was moving. How could everyone, regardless of their relative motion, measure the exact same speed for light? This question stumped physicists for decades, leading to elaborate, often convoluted, theories trying to reconcile this anomaly.

Einsteinโ€™s Spacetime Revolution: Time Becomes Relative

It took the genius of Albert Einstein, in his โ€œmiracle yearโ€ of 1905, to cut through the Gordian knot. His special theory of relativity posited a radical idea: the constant speed of light isnโ€™t a paradox to be explained away, but a fundamental truth to be embraced. To accept it, however, required entirely rethinking space and time.

Einstein proposed that space and time are not separate absolutes but are intertwined, forming a single, four-dimensional entity called spacetime. This profound insight was further developed two years later by Einsteinโ€™s former mathematics professor, Hermann Minkowski. Minkowski famously declared, โ€œHenceforth, space by itself, and time by itself, are doomed to fade away into mere shadows, and only a kind of union of the two will preserve an independent reality.โ€

In this new framework, different observers moving relative to each other would โ€œslice upโ€ spacetime differently. There is no objective, universal โ€œnowโ€ across vast distances. What one observer considers simultaneous, another in motion might not. This fundamentally altered our understanding of time.

Consider the analogy of distance in space. If you travel from Washington D.C. to Los Angeles, the straight-line distance is fixed, but the actual path you take (and thus the distance you experience) can vary greatly depending on whether you fly directly or take a winding road trip. In special relativity, time becomes analogous to distance. The time you personally measure on your wristwatch is not a universal constant but depends on your trajectory through spacetime.

This leads to the famous twin paradox: imagine two twins. One stays on Earth, the โ€œlazy twin,โ€ aging normally. The other embarks on a journey in a rocket ship, traveling at speeds close to that of light, and then returns. Upon reunion, the traveling twin will be younger than the stay-at-home twin. Why? Because they took different paths through spacetime, and the time experienced along those paths was different. The twin who remained stationary actually followed a โ€œstraighterโ€ path through spacetime, accumulating more proper time. Itโ€™s crucial to understand that time doesnโ€™t โ€œslow downโ€ for the traveling twin; rather, their accumulated experience of time is simply less due to their unique spacetime trajectory. For them, time still ticks at one second per second.

Gravityโ€™s True Nature: Curved Spacetime

Einstein wasnโ€™t satisfied. His special theory of relativity didnโ€™t include gravity, the most prominent force in the universe. He spent another decade grappling with how to incorporate gravity into his new spacetime framework. The key insight came from Galileoโ€™s observation that all objects, regardless of their mass, fall at the same rate in a gravitational field. This suggested gravity wasnโ€™t like other forces, pushing particles based on their charge or mass in a simple way. Instead, gravity seemed to affect the very fabric of motion itself.

Einstein realized that gravity wasnโ€™t a force within spacetime, but rather a manifestation of the curvature of spacetime itself. Massive objects, like planets and stars, warp the spacetime around them, much like a bowling ball distorts a stretched rubber sheet. What we perceive as the โ€œforceโ€ of gravity is actually objects following the shortest paths (geodesics) through this curved spacetime.

This โ€œgeneral theory of relativity,โ€ completed in 1915, had profound implications for time. Just as moving at high speeds affects the passage of time, so does being in a strong gravitational field. Time runs more slowly in regions of intense gravity. If one twin stayed on Earth while the other ventured near a black hole (the ultimate gravitational well) and then returned, the black-hole-traveling twin would also be younger. This phenomenon was famously and accurately depicted in Christopher Nolanโ€™s film Interstellar, where a few hours spent near a black hole translated to decades passing on Earth.

The Universeโ€™s Unidirectional Flow: The Arrow of Time

So, from Newtonโ€™s absolute clock to Einsteinโ€™s flexible spacetime, our understanding of time has undergone a radical transformation. Yet, one enigma persists: while the fundamental laws of physics (both Newtonian and Einsteinian) are time-symmetric โ€“ meaning they work equally well whether time flows forward or backward โ€“ our everyday experience of time is undeniably unidirectional. We canโ€™t โ€œun-rememberโ€ things, un-break a glass, or un-age. This is the arrow of time.

โ€œI remember what I was doing yesterday. I might guess what Iโ€™m going to do tomorrow, but I donโ€™t remember it in the same way. I have no photographs or memory books of the future,โ€ Carroll observes. Why this stark difference between the microscopic laws and our macroscopic reality?

The answer, Carroll explains, lies not in the fundamental laws themselves, but in the collective behavior of many, many things in the universe and, critically, the universeโ€™s initial state. This brings us back to the 19th-century concept of entropy.

The Secret of Entropy: Why Time Only Flows Forward

Entropy is a measure of disorder, randomness, or the number of ways a system can be arranged. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the entropy of a closed system always tends to increase over time. A tidy room naturally becomes messy; an egg breaks, it doesnโ€™t spontaneously reassemble; heat flows from hot to cold, never the reverse. These are all manifestations of entropy increasing.

Why does entropy increase? Because there are simply far more ways for a system to be in a high-entropy (disordered) state than a low-entropy (ordered) state. Imagine a deck of cards: thereโ€™s only one way for it to be perfectly ordered (ace to king, by suit), but countless ways for it to be shuffled randomly.

The crucial piece of the puzzle, according to Carroll, is that the universe began in a state of very, very low entropy. This is a profound mystery in cosmology โ€“ why the Big Bang wasnโ€™t a chaotic, high-entropy explosion, but rather an incredibly ordered, special state. Because the universe started with such low entropy, it has been relentlessly increasing ever since.

Our experience of timeโ€™s direction โ€“ our memories of the past, our aging, the irreversibility of events โ€“ is a direct consequence of this cosmic march towards higher entropy. The ability to form records and memories relies on systems moving from less probable (low entropy) states to more probable (high entropy) states. We donโ€™t remember the future because the future hasnโ€™t yet unfolded into a higher-entropy state from which records could be formed.

Ultimately, the arrow of time, the very reason we perceive a distinct past and future, is not etched into the fundamental equations governing particles and forces. Instead, it emerges from the universeโ€™s special, highly ordered beginning and its subsequent, inevitable journey towards greater disorder. Itโ€™s a testament to the fact that sometimes, the deepest truths about our reality are found not in the smallest components, but in the grand, collective behavior of everything.


Based on โ€œWhy More Americans Are Seeking Religionโ€ from New York Times Podcasts Watch the original video

Americaโ€™s Quiet Awakening: Why Faith is Making a Surprising Comeback

After decades of declining church attendance and a profound rise in secularism, a remarkable shift is underway in America. From South Central Pennsylvania to the bustling streets of New York, church leaders and sociologists are observing a noticeable โ€” and unexpected โ€” resurgence of interest in faith. This isnโ€™t just a ripple; itโ€™s a significant demographic and sociological inflection point, prompting many to ask: Why now?

The New York Times has been delving into this phenomenon, moving beyond the well-trodden ground of politicized religion to explore the very essence of belief itself. As producer Austa Chhaturved discusses with colleague Lauren Jackson, a seasoned reporter who has been covering this beat, Americans across generations and political affiliations are choosing to believe in ways that challenge long-held assumptions about the countryโ€™s spiritual trajectory.

The Shifting Tides of Belief: A Statistical Snapshot

For years, the narrative of American religiosity was one of steady decline. In the early 1990s, roughly 90% of American adults identified as Christian. This number plummeted to about two-thirds over the subsequent decadesโ€”a phenomenon dubbed โ€œthe great dechurching,โ€ representing the largest and fastest shift in American religiosity on record, with an estimated 40 million people leaving established churches. Demographers and sociologists widely predicted a definitive, irreversible decline.

But something remarkable has happened. According to Pew Research data, secularization has, for the first time in decades, paused. โ€œItโ€™s not an uptick in churchgoing, but kind of a flattening out,โ€ explains Lauren Jackson, emphasizing that this seemingly minor halt is, in fact, โ€œa really big moment for peopleโ€™s personal relationships to religion and spirituality.โ€

More recent data paints an even more intriguing picture:

  • Gen Zโ€™s Unexpected Turn: Pew published a report showing that the youngest group of Americans (18-23 year olds) are slightly more likely to attend religious services at least once a month than those just older than them. This defies the previous expectation that each new cohort would be less religious than its predecessors.
  • Men Under 30 Find Faith: A Gallup survey found a sharp rise in the share of men under 30 who say religion is โ€œvery importantโ€ to them, jumping from 28% in 2023 to a striking 42% in 2025. This is particularly surprising given the historical trend of young women being more religious than young men.
  • Non-Religious Share Declines: In 2025, the non-religious share of the American population declined yet again, with the number of atheists and agnostics returning to levels last seen in 2014.

While many are quick to declare this a โ€œrevival,โ€ Jackson cautions against such strong language. โ€œWhat we do know is that this trend continues,โ€ she says. โ€œThis is not just about Christianity. Itโ€™s about all other major religions as well.โ€ The main takeaway is clear: the story of faith and belief in America is at a profound inflection point.

A Reporterโ€™s Personal Journey: Confronting Faith and Doubt

Lauren Jacksonโ€™s own life mirrors the very shifts she now reports on. Raised in Little Rock, Arkansas, in a โ€œvery, very conservative and very religious place,โ€ she was a devout Mormon. Her childhood dream was to write for church magazines, and she attended a 6 AM Bible study daily before high school. Her path seemed set: attend Brigham Young University, marry within the faith, and raise a family in the church.

However, a scholarship to a secular university presented an โ€œextraordinary shift.โ€ The transition was โ€œreally, really hard,โ€ forcing her to not only leave her community but also to challenge a โ€œcomprehensiveโ€ faith and ideology. This personal reckoning began with falling in love with someone outside her faith, a common rupture for many. Then came the intellectual challenge: reading Isaiah Berlin on pluralism, the idea that โ€œmany truths and realities are equally valid and worthy of consideration.โ€ This concept โ€œcracked my world open,โ€ leading her to formally leave the church at 25.

The decision brought โ€œtough conversationsโ€ with her parents, which she recorded, wanting to remember them accurately. โ€œI was desperately wanting my parents to not only understand but also to approve of the life choices that Iโ€™d made in leaving my faith,โ€ she recounts. But her parents, deeply rooted in their beliefs, saw her rejection of faith as a rejection of them, leading to conflict. โ€œIโ€™ve got a different view of the sunset,โ€ she told her mother, asserting her own path.

After leaving the church, Jackson, like many Americans, continued โ€œsearching for answers to the big life questions that plague us all.โ€ She found meaning outside traditional religion, throwing herself into journalism, work, and fitness. She understood the appeal of astrology apps like Co-Star, which โ€œhelp explain the messiness of lifeโ€ and โ€œpromise some sort of cosmic alchemy to the chaos.โ€

Yet, even in secular spaces, she couldnโ€™t shake an โ€œingrained worldviewโ€ that saw belief and spirituality everywhere: the reverence at climate rallies, the intensity of social justice movements, the ecstatic communal gathering at the Eras Tour. โ€œWhile we had all this data that millions of people had left American religion, it was still so clear to me that people were looking for an outlet for their beliefs,โ€ she observed. The new Pew data simply confirmed that some were now reconsidering traditional religion as a potential outlet.

Why Now? Unpacking the Drivers of Renewed Interest

As Jackson spoke to hundreds of people across the country, a few key themes emerged, explaining this quiet awakening.

The Pandemicโ€™s Profound Rupture

The single biggest factor, cited again and again, was the COVID-19 pandemic. โ€œThe pandemic was a moment of extraordinary rupture in American life,โ€ Jackson states. Confined indoors, isolated, and forced to confront their own mortality, people began to question their lives and whether their current paths were working for them.

One interviewee shared the profound impact of seeing her โ€œNanaโ€ smile and praise God despite the recent death of her oldest daughter. โ€œFor me, that was like, damn, I want that. That is the model,โ€ she recalled. The timing is striking: the moment secularization began to level off is โ€œjust about the exact same moment that the pandemic started.โ€ The uncertainty of life pushed many to seek mental frameworks to cope.

The Ache for Community and Meaning Beyond Work

Beyond the existential crisis, many Americans felt a deep dissatisfaction with the lack of meaning in modern life and a profound โ€œacheโ€ for community. โ€œMy parentsโ€™ generation had a much stronger belief that like work is good and like by working you are making the world a better place. But like my generation like a lot of us do not feel that way,โ€ one young person explained. For them, a job is โ€œjust a job,โ€ not an outlet for meaning.

The isolation of contemporary life also played a significant role. โ€œWe all live in these separate nuclear homes with our nuclear families. And you think this is like the pinnacle of first world country success, but the huge con of that is weโ€™re isolated,โ€ an interviewee lamented. People are longing for โ€œtactile meaningful careโ€ โ€“ meal trains, real connections โ€“ that they arenโ€™t finding in online comments. They are โ€œlooking for spaces that can offer that in coming back to religion.โ€

Religion, with its โ€œbuilt-in community ritual,โ€ offers a structure for life, accountability, and a way to process difficult emotions. As one person reflected on Yom Kippur, โ€œThe secular world doesnโ€™t have a good thereโ€™s no hallmark card for Iโ€™m sorry day and Yom Kippur offers that.โ€ Many feel lost without having to be accountable to something, realizing that โ€œguilt gets a bad rap, but I feel guilty if I donโ€™t do that process.โ€ Despite the โ€œbaggage of what are sometimes deeply flawed institutions,โ€ people are reassessing the value of the whole package religion offers.

Politics as a Catalyst: Left and Right Finding Faith

While Trumpism undeniably injected โ€œrenewed energy and even sense of ascendancy into conservative Christianity,โ€ a more surprising development was the growing interest in faith among those on the left, spurred by the current political climate.

One such individual is Nick Woomer Deers, a 46-year-old from North Carolina. Raised Catholic, his family wasnโ€™t particularly devout, and the Catholic Churchโ€™s sex abuse scandal in his high school years solidified his decision to leave. He became a โ€œbig left-wing student activist,โ€ actively hostile to religion for decades, finding purpose in schools, his work as a public defender, and progressive causes.

However, the 2016 election of Donald Trump served as a profound turning point. Nick hadnโ€™t seen the results coming, and it โ€œreally upended some key assumptions for him about where he thought the country was headed.โ€ He began to read right-wing influencers online, becoming deeply disturbed by the โ€œnasty, kind of godlessโ€ discourse, particularly โ€œrace realism stuffโ€ and the โ€œus against themโ€ mentality.

He recalled a blog post by Ross Douthat: โ€œIf you hated the religious right, youโ€™re really going to hate the irreligious right.โ€ Nick came to realize that โ€œwithout having a transcendent ideology thatโ€™s universalistic and grounded in common for all of humanity, we inevitably fall into this kind of us against them world, and that just seems very poisonous to me.โ€ The alternative, he concluded, was a โ€œuniversalistic religion where weโ€™re allโ€ฆ created in the image of God.โ€ To counter the despair he felt about American politics, Nick began to turn to faith, the very thing heโ€™d been openly hostile to for so long.

The Secret Path to Re-Belief: Nick Woomer Deersโ€™ Story

Nickโ€™s return to faith began slowly, in secret. Too embarrassed to admit his curiosity, he found himself watching religious videos online in the middle of the night. He discovered Father Mike Schmidtz, a popular Catholic priest with podcasts and YouTube videos, and confessed, โ€œHe was kind of like my gateway into it.โ€

This clandestine exploration was his โ€œdirty secret,โ€ clashing with his leftist political commitments and โ€œheavy dose of just atheismโ€ that had been central to his persona. Finally, after an un-marked Easter left him feeling โ€œicky,โ€ he emailed the diocese. He met with a priest, admitting his โ€œblockโ€: โ€œI donโ€™t believe in God.โ€ The priestโ€™s advice was simple: read the Gospels โ€œwith an open heart,โ€ not as an academic exercise, and โ€œjust dive inโ€ to Mass.

Nick followed the advice, buying a Catholic Bible and attending church quietly. The conversation with his wife was awkward: โ€œI met with a priest,โ€ he told her, to which she responded, โ€œWhy? Thatโ€™s weird.โ€ His impulse to keep it secret stemmed from not wanting to be seen as a hypocrite, having spent much of his life making intellectual arguments against the church.

He had believed that societal problems required structural change, โ€œto take over the stateโ€ฆ to fix these problems. Itโ€™s not your job as an individual.โ€ But now, he re-evaluated: โ€œto ignore the individual component and your individual ethical responsibility is really wrong.โ€ He began to see Christianity, for all its flaws, as something that could make the world โ€œjust a little bit better,โ€ offering a โ€œbroader visionโ€ and guidance for life that, in his view, ideologies like Marxism did not.

Through โ€œgoing through the motions and kind of absorbing and reading sacred scripture and with a different attitude,โ€ Nick found something profound. โ€œI feel like I have a faith like a genuine faith in God now,โ€ he shared, embracing the โ€œsmells and the bells and the aestheticsโ€ of a religion that was part of his ancestry.

Beyond the Pews: Religionโ€™s Visible Resurgence in Public Life

While the current trend is more a โ€œrenewed interest or new renewed curiosityโ€ than a full-blown revival of churchgoing, its impact is increasingly visible in American public life, extending far beyond the quiet conversions of individuals. Even chaplains at Harvard report unprecedented interest in religion on campus.

Religious references are appearing more frequently in prominent spheres:

  • Politics: Figures like JD Vance, who has publicly converted to Catholicism, and Pete Hegseth, who invokes Christianity in discussions about war, highlight a growing religious assertiveness on the right. However, the shift isnโ€™t exclusive to conservatives. New York City Mayor Eric Adams is openly and frontally discussing his Islamic faith, hosting iftars and praying in public. This is a stark contrast to the post-9/11 era, when such displays might have been seen as a political liability. Similarly, Texas State Representative James Talerico, a seminarian, is using the Christian gospel to combat Christian nationalism, advocating for a โ€œcompassionate form of economic populismโ€ and challenging voters with โ€œWhat would Jesus do about a tax system that benefits the rich over the poor?โ€ Young political leaders are actively pushing to reclaim and redefine religious discourse.
  • Hollywood and Pop Music: The trend extends to cultural realms, with religious themes appearing in films and TV. Pop stars like Justin Bieber and Rosalรญa are openly discussing their faith. Rosalรญaโ€™s critically acclaimed album Lux is deeply rooted in her faith, with lyrics like โ€œsheโ€™s hot for God.โ€ As Jackson quips, โ€œIf that doesnโ€™t make God cool, then I donโ€™t know what does.โ€

This broader visibility suggests that religion is no longer just โ€œabout other people who lived a long time ago,โ€ but about โ€œus in the here and now,โ€ playing a more explicit role in contemporary American identity and public discourse.

A Personal Reckoning: Lauren Jacksonโ€™s Ongoing Journey

For Lauren Jackson, her extensive reporting on faith has been a deeply personal journey. While she remains non-religious and has not returned to the faith of her childhood, the experience has allowed her to โ€œexamine and to think deeply about the ideas that I grew up with.โ€

Crucially, it has brought her closer to her parents. Her weekly newsletter, โ€œBelieving,โ€ has become a new bridge, a topic of conversation that helps them connect. Though they still โ€œdonโ€™t see eye to eye,โ€ her parents now view her work as part of her โ€œmission on this earth.โ€ For Jackson, itโ€™s her job as a journalist, but it has provided a way to reconnect about something that โ€œfor a long time really drove us apart.โ€

America is undeniably at a spiritual crossroads. The โ€œgreat dechurchingโ€ may have paused, but the path forward for American religiosity remains open. Whether this is the prelude to a new โ€œgreat awakeningโ€ or simply a recalibration of how Americans seek meaning, one thing is certain: the human search for belief, community, and purpose is enduring, adaptable, and far from over.


Based on โ€œWhat would J.R.R. Tolkien think of Palantir?โ€ from Vox Watch the original video

The All-Seeing Eye of Silicon Valley: What J.R.R. Tolkien Would Think of Palantir

In the sprawling, often fantastical landscape of Silicon Valley, a curious trend has emerged: tech giants and their founders often draw inspiration from the epic fantasy worlds of J.R.R. Tolkien. Names like Arbore, Mithril, and Naria echo through the digital realm, signaling a deep reverence for Middle-earth. From Elon Muskโ€™s casual references to โ€œHobbits in the Shireโ€ to JD Vanceโ€™s open admiration, Tolkienโ€™s influence is undeniable. Yet, few embrace this fandom with the zeal, and perhaps irony, of Peter Thiel, a prominent venture capitalist and co-founder of Palantir Technologies.

Thiel, known for his provocative statements, has peppered his public discourse with Tolkien allusions, likening the Weimar period to โ€œdwarves in Moria where they dwelled too deepโ€ and awakening โ€œthe nameless terror of the Balrog.โ€ Several companies heโ€™s involved with bear names lifted directly from Tolkienโ€™s legendarium. But the grandest, and arguably most enigmatic, of these is Palantir, a software company shrouded in secrecy and wielding immense power.

This choice of name is no mere whimsical nod. A palantรญr in Tolkienโ€™s The Lord of the Rings is a crystal ball, a โ€œseeing stone,โ€ capable of communication across vast distances and even glimpses into the future. They are not inherently evil, yet their use almost invariably leads to deception, manipulation, and domination, primarily by the dark forces of Sauron and his corrupted wizard Saruman. This begs a crucial question: Why would a company dedicated to data analysis and global influence choose to identify with an object so often associated with the downfall of those who wield it? What does this link reveal about Palantir the company, and what might Tolkien himself think of how his words are being repurposed?

The Lore of the Palantรญr: A Glimpse into Middle-earth

To understand the profound implications of Palantirโ€™s name, a brief journey into Middle-earth is necessary. J.R.R. Tolkienโ€™s The Lord of the Rings is an epic fantasy trilogy, a sequel to The Hobbit, which gained global fame through Peter Jacksonโ€™s blockbuster film adaptations. It tells the sprawling tale of Frodo Baggins, a humble hobbit, and the Fellowship of the Ring, as they embark on a perilous quest to destroy a powerful magic ring and prevent the Dark Lord Sauron from enslaving the world.

Within this rich narrative, the palantรญri (plural of palantรญr) serve as ancient, magical artifacts. These seeing stones allow individuals to communicate telepathically or observe distant events. During the War of the Ring, three key figures possess palantรญri: Sauron, the ultimate antagonist; Saruman, a once-wise wizard turned traitor; and Denethor II, the Steward of Gondor, a โ€œgood guyโ€ whose mind is slowly unraveling under the strain of war and the stoneโ€™s influence.

As Tolkien scholar and others confirm, the palantรญri themselves are not malevolent. However, โ€œthe uses to which theyโ€™re put often lead to bad results.โ€ They are tools, potent amplifiers of intent. We primarily see them used by villains to spy, coordinate their forces, and sow discord among their enemies. Even when heroes briefly gain control, the stonesโ€™ power is fraught with danger, often manipulating perceptions or revealing only what the wielder, or a more powerful entity, wishes them to see. Ultimately, their primary function in The Lord of the Rings is to dominate or deceive.

Palantir: The All-Seeing Company in the Modern World

So, what does a magical seeing stone from a fantasy realm have to do with a modern tech company? A great deal, it turns out. Pinning down precisely what Palantir Technologies does can be challenging, a testament to its secretive nature. At its core, Palantir develops sophisticated software platforms designed to rapidly analyze vast quantities of data. Its clients span government agencies, military branches, and major corporations worldwide.

The companyโ€™s origins trace back to 2003, founded by Peter Thiel, Alex Karp (CEO), and others, with the CIA acting as its sole investor for the first four years. Its mission, forged in the aftermath of 9/11, was to leverage cutting-edge technology to bolster defense and intelligence institutions. Palantirโ€™s software can ingest disparate datasetsโ€”from a private companyโ€™s sales figures to a police departmentโ€™s incident reports or the IRSโ€™s financial recordsโ€”and consolidate them into a coherent, analyzable whole. In essence, Palantir serves as a kind of digital palantรญr, using data to inform and enable decision-making.

Its customer roster is extensive and impactful. The Department of Defense is its largest client, encompassing all branches of the U.S. military. Palantirโ€™s long-standing relationship with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has drawn particular scrutiny. Reports indicate Palantirโ€™s AI tech is deployed in military operations from Ukraine to Gaza. Other government agencies, including the FBI, NSA, Department of Health and Human Services, and even the IRS, utilize its platforms.

Beyond government, Palantirโ€™s reach extends deep into the private sector. โ€œIn terms of what its private sector clients do, itโ€™s essentially everything,โ€ notes one tech journalist. Power plants, fast-food chains like Wendyโ€™s, clothing retailers, logistics companies, aerospace giants like Airbus, and consumer goods manufacturers like General Millsโ€”all leverage Palantirโ€™s โ€œall-seeingโ€ technology to optimize operations, predict trends, and gain a competitive edge. The companyโ€™s marketing language often leans into this mystique, portraying its software as a โ€œmysterious, maybe magical thing that can interact with a companyโ€ฆ and make it significantly more powerful."

"Saving the Shireโ€: Palantirโ€™s Internal Culture and Vision

Palantirโ€™s embrace of Tolkien lore goes far beyond a clever company name. It permeates its internal culture and strategic vision. Its Palo Alto office was once dubbed โ€œThe Shire,โ€ its Virginia outpost โ€œRivendell,โ€ and its London office โ€œGrey Havens.โ€ Employees are sometimes affectionately referred to as โ€œHobbits.โ€ Even the branding for their conventions overtly borrows from Middle-earth iconography, prompting some to quip about overdue royalty checks to the Tolkien estate.

This isnโ€™t merely playful branding; itโ€™s a deliberate strategy to forge a shared identity and imbue employees with a sense of higher purpose. As Juan Sebastian Pinto, a former content strategist for Palantir, explains, this culture is one of the companyโ€™s strongest assets. โ€œMaking your workforce imagining that theyโ€™re continuing sort of the mission, a bigger mission, sort of a world mission as represented in Lord of the Rings,โ€ he states. The rallying cry โ€œSave the Shireโ€ was common, equating โ€œthe Shireโ€ with โ€œthe homeland,โ€ which Palantir CEO Alex Karp defines as โ€œthe U.S. and its allies.โ€ The mission, then, becomes โ€œsolving the most difficult problems that itโ€™s facing and about doing good for warfighters.โ€

Karpโ€™s vision for Palantir is stark and uncompromising: โ€œPalantir is here to disrupt and make our the institutions we partner with the very best in the world and when itโ€™s necessary to scare our enemies and on occasion kill them.โ€ This โ€œbattlefield to boardroomโ€ mentality deeply appeals to executives seeking a competitive edge, framing their data analytics platform as an essential tool for dominance. If Palantir sees itself as an all-seeing network, peering into the future and influencing global power dynamics, itโ€™s a vision far more potent and, frankly, โ€œspookierโ€ than any crystal ball Tolkien ever imagined.

Tolkienโ€™s True Vision: A Hobbitโ€™s Heart

The profound irony of Palantirโ€™s self-identification becomes clear when contrasted with J.R.R. Tolkienโ€™s own philosophy. Far from celebrating omniscient technology and centralized power, Tolkien was, in many respects, deeply anti-tech and anti-surveillance. His personal experiences, particularly the horrors of World War I and the encroaching industrialization that scarred the English countryside, profoundly shaped his worldview. He feared โ€œthe machine and the corrupted motive of dominatingโ€ would โ€œbulldoze the real world if we arenโ€™t careful.โ€

โ€œTolkien is, if nothing else, very anti-tech. Heโ€™s anti-surveillance. Heโ€™s anti-all the things that these companies are doing,โ€ emphasizes one scholar. The notion that โ€œTolkienesque stuff would be associated with industry or government, he would have been utterly mortified.โ€ Tolkienโ€™s stories are not about the triumph of powerful wizards or mighty kings, but the quiet courage of ordinary individuals.

Indeed, nearly everyone who attempts to use a palantรญr in Tolkienโ€™s narrative is ultimately deceived or corrupted by it. Saruman, once a wise wizard, is drawn deeper into Sauronโ€™s service. Denethor, overwhelmed by false visions and despair, abandons all hope. Even Sauron, the most formidable antagonist, is tricked into making a crucial strategic error by Aragornโ€™s bold use of a palantรญr. The true heroes of Middle-earth are not the epic adventurers or โ€œwarfighters,โ€ but the hobbits: brave, loyal, unassuming folk who rise to protect the simple things they love.

Tolkien identified deeply with the hobbits. He cherished a rural, quiet life governed by decentralized, local authority. In a 1958 letter, he famously declared, โ€œI am in fact a hobbit in all but size.โ€ In his world, โ€œbeing all-seeing is not something that we necessarily want to celebrate.โ€ He imbued the palantรญr with symbolic weight, representing โ€œthe rise of technology and industrialization and what that meant for people who had power.โ€

The Ethical Quandary and the Scouring of the Shire

The conflict between Palantirโ€™s chosen imagery and Tolkienโ€™s underlying message highlights a significant ethical quandary. Modern big tech, in its pursuit of โ€œrevolutionary fantasy logic,โ€ often co-opts narratives that fundamentally contradict their original intent. Tolkienโ€™s core messages were about โ€œfellowship from working to develop shared understandings through journeys,โ€ not about technological domination.

In 2025, Juan Sebastian Pinto was among 13 Palantir alumni who penned a letter titled โ€œThe Scouring of the Shire,โ€ directly referencing the final chapters of The Lord of the Rings where the hobbits return to find their home ravaged by Sarumanโ€™s industrialization. Their letter raised serious concerns about the direction Palantir was headed, mirroring Tolkienโ€™s warning about the destructive potential of unchecked power.

Ultimately, whoever controls big data tech companies like Palantir will wield immense influence in the foreseeable future. Palantir, as an โ€œamplifier of a humanโ€™s intentions,โ€ possesses a dual nature. If used by an institution like ICE, it can facilitate the detention of more people. Yet, in the hands of a hospital, it could optimize vaccine allocation to underserved communities. The technology itself is a tool; its ethical implications are determined by the users and their intentions.

As Samwise Gamgee wisely declared in Peter Jacksonโ€™s The Two Towers film, โ€œThereโ€™s some good in this world, Mr. Frodo, and itโ€™s worth fighting for.โ€ The enduring legacy of Tolkienโ€™s work is a testament to the power of humility, fellowship, and resistance against overweening power. Palantirโ€™s choice of name, while a nod to a beloved fantasy, serves as a poignant reminder of the vigilance required to ensure that the tools of power are used for good, and not for the very domination Tolkien so eloquently warned against.


ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด

โ€œWhat Newton and Einstein agreed on that our society doesnโ€™t | Sean Carrollโ€ โ€” Big Think ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์›๋ณธ ์˜์ƒ ๋ณด๊ธฐ

์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์™œ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ํ๋ฅผ๊นŒ? ๋‰ดํ„ด๊ณผ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„์‹ค

๋„์ž…

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚ด์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ๋ฒ•์น™๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ์ˆœ์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์กด์Šค ํ™‰ํ‚จ์Šค ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ด์ž ์ฒ ํ•™์ž์ด๋ฉฐ โ€˜๋งˆ์ธ๋“œ์Šค์ผ€์ดํ”„(Mindscape)โ€™ ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ ์ง„ํ–‰์ž์ธ ์…˜ ์บ๋Ÿด(Sean Carroll) ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‰ดํ„ด๊ณผ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฑฐ์žฅ์ด ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ๊ณผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋‘ ๊ฑฐ์žฅ์˜ ์‹œ์„ 

๋‰ดํ„ด์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„

์•„์ด์ž‘ ๋‰ดํ„ด(Isaac Newton)์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณ ์ „ ์—ญํ•™(classical mechanics)์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ์ฃผ ์–ด๋””์—๋„ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋‚˜ ์†๋„๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ ๋ฒ•์น™์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณ„(inertial frame)์—์„œ๋“  ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํŠน์ • ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ํŠน์ • ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋™์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ โ€œ๋‚˜๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์ง€์ ์—์„œ 1๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, โ€œ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ํŠ•๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋กœ์Šค์•ค์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ, ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋™์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹œ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ˜๋ช…

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „์ž๊ธฐํ•™(electromagnetism)์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๋‰ดํ„ด์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๋„์ „์žฅ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฐ€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์ž„์Šค ํด๋Ÿฌํฌ ๋งฅ์Šค์›ฐ(James Clerk Maxwell)์ด ์ •๋ฆฝํ•œ ์ „์ž๊ธฐํ•™ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„(speed of light)๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‰ดํ„ด ์—ญํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋งฅ์Šค์›ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์›€์ง์ด๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ณจ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•“์•˜๊ณ , ์•Œ๋ฒ ๋ฅดํŠธ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ(Albert Einstein)์€ 1905๋…„ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ํ˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ „๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

2๋…„ ํ›„, ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์Šค์Šน์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž ํ—ค๋ฅด๋งŒ ๋ฏผ์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค(Hermann Minkowski)๋Š” ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์„ โ€˜์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„(spacetime)โ€˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผํ•œ 4์ฐจ์› ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ง๋ฌผ(fabric)์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ, ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํ• ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ํŠ•๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋น›์˜ ํ•ด(light-years)๋งŒํผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ง„์‹ค์€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ž์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ ์ž์‹ ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฝ”ํ”„์Šคํ‚ค์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์— ํฐ ๊ฐ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, 10๋…„ ํ›„ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์„ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํœ˜์–ด์ง(curvature)์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก (General Theory of Relativity)์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŠน์ˆ˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์ด ๋ฐํžŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ

ํŠน์ˆ˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก (Special Theory of Relativity)์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋‘ ์ง€์  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋‘ ์ง€์  ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ตœ๋‹จ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง์„ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋“ฏ, ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ถค์ (trajectory)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ โ€˜์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด ์—ญ์„ค(Twin Paradox)โ€˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋กœ์ผ“์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋Œ์•„์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ถœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜์ด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ์•„์™”์„ ๋•Œ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €๋˜ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ Š์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํƒํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ง์„  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋‹จ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ด๋“ฏ, ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์ง€ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ(์ฆ‰, ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ง์„  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ)์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ”ํžˆ โ€œ๋น›์˜ ์†๋„์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋А๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์…˜ ์บ๋Ÿด ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์˜คํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์†๋„โ€™๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ โ€˜1์ดˆ๋‹น 1์ดˆโ€™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ถค์ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถ•์ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์žฅ(gravitational field) ์†์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ์•ฝํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ธ”๋ž™ํ™€(black hole)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์žฅ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ฉด ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ Š์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํผ ๋†€๋ž€ ๊ฐ๋…์˜ ์˜ํ™” โ€˜์ธํ„ฐ์Šคํ…”๋ผ(Interstellar)โ€˜์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์˜ํ™”์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์žฅ๋ฉด์€ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ) ์˜ํ™” ์† ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์€ ๋…ธ๋ฒจ์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ƒ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž ํ‚ต ์†(Kip Thorne)์˜ ์ž๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋งค์šฐ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‰ดํ„ด๊ณผ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์ด ๋™์˜ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ

์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๋‰ดํ„ด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋“  ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋“ , ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ๋ฒ•์น™๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆœ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์—ญ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ๋ฒ•์น™๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ(directionality to time)์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ œ ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚ด์ผ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋” ์ Š์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋” ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”? ์…˜ ์บ๋Ÿด ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹ต์ด ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ๋ฒ•์น™์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ โ€˜์ง‘๋‹จ์  ํ–‰๋™(collective behavior)โ€˜์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค์ด โ€˜ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ƒํƒœ(special state)โ€˜์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ์™€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์‹œ์ž‘

์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 1800๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋…ผ์˜๋œ โ€˜์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ(entropy)โ€™ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฌด์งˆ์„œ๋„(disorderliness), ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„์„ฑ(randomness), ํ˜ผ๋ž€๋„(disorganization)๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ฒ™๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์—ด์—ญํ•™ ์ œ2๋ฒ•์น™(Second Law of Thermodynamics)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์ •์˜์ƒ, ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ์ƒํƒœ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ์ƒํƒœโ€™์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ก ์˜ ๋ฏธ์Šคํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๋ก 

์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‰ดํ„ด๊ณผ ์•„์ธ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ๋ฒ•์น™๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์นญ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์€ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฒ•์น™ ์ž์ฒด์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ํ˜„์ƒ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ โ€˜์‹œ๊ฐ„โ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


โ€œWhy More Americans Are Seeking Religionโ€ โ€” New York Times Podcasts ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์›๋ณธ ์˜์ƒ ๋ณด๊ธฐ

๊ฒฉ๋ณ€์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์™œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹ ์•™์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?

์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด์–ด์ง„ ์„ธ์†์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ ์†์—์„œ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ข…๊ต์  ์ง€ํ˜•์— ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์กฐ์ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋•Œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ข…๊ต์˜ โ€˜์ •์˜๋กœ์šด ์‡ ํ‡ดโ€™๊ฐ€ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ์ Š์€ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์‹ ์•™๊ณผ ์˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‰ด์š•ํƒ€์ž„์Šค ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ โ€˜๋” ๋ฐ์ผ๋ฆฌโ€™๋Š” ์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์™œ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ์‹ ์•™์˜ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‘๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํƒˆ๊ตํšŒํ™”โ€™์˜ ์ข…๋ง? ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์นจ์ฒด ์ดํ›„ ์ฐพ์•„์˜จ ๋ณ€ํ™”

๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์„ฑ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ 90%๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋กœ๋ Œ ์žญ์Šจ ๊ธฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋น—๋Œ€์–ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋“ฏ, ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ผ์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2 ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ‰๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” โ€˜๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํƒˆ๊ตํšŒํ™”(great dechurching)โ€˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ, ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ข…๊ต์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์•ฝ 4์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ž์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ข…๊ต์„ฑ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‡ ํ‡ดํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๋‚œ 5๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด ์‡ ํ‡ด๋Š” ๋ฉˆ์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ“จ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜(Pew Research)๊ฐ€ ์ข…๊ต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ด๋ž˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ตํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ต์ธ ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธ‰์ฆ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ์„ธ์†ํ™” ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ โ€˜์ •์ง€โ€™๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ โ€˜ํ‰ํƒ„ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ๋œป ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ด โ€˜๋ฉˆ์ถคโ€™์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ข…๊ต ๋ฐ ์˜์„ฑ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋”์šฑ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ“จ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ Š์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ธ 18~23์„ธ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์œ„ ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€๋ณด๋‹ค ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ข…๊ต ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐ์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฝ(Gallup)์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 30์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ค‘ ์ข…๊ต๊ฐ€ โ€˜๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹คโ€™๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์ด 2023๋…„ 28%์—์„œ 2025๋…„ 42%๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ Š์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ข…๊ต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์‹ ์•™๊ณผ ์ข…๊ต, ๋ฏฟ์Œ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€๊ณก์ (inflection point)์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์—ฌ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ: ๋กœ๋ Œ ์žญ์Šจ ๊ธฐ์ž์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ

๋‰ด์š•ํƒ€์ž„์Šค ๊ธฐ์ž ๋กœ๋ Œ ์žญ์Šจ์€ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ข…๊ต๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋„ ๋Œ€์‹ , ์‹ ์•™ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์™€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„, ์™œ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”์ง€์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์˜ ์—ฌ์ •๊ณผ ๊นŠ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋กœ๋ Œ์€ ์•„์นธ์†Œ์ฃผ ๋ฆฌํ‹€๋ก์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ข…๊ต์ ์ธ ๋ชฐ๋ชฌ๊ต(์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๋„ ๊ตํšŒ) ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๊ตํšŒ ์žก์ง€์— ๊ธ€์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฟˆ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋งค์ผ ์ƒˆ๋ฒฝ 6์‹œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ ๊ณต๋ถ€์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋…์‹คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ธ์† ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์ง„ํ•™ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ์•™์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  โ€˜๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜(pluralism)โ€˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…, ์ฆ‰ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง„๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ํšจํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์‹ ๋…์€ ํฐ ๋„์ „์— ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 25์„ธ์— ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ํž˜๋“  ์ „ํ™˜์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋กœ๋ Œ์€ ๊ตํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ถ์˜ ํฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ข…๊ต ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ผ, ์šด๋™, ํ•˜์ดํ‚น, ์†Œ์šธ์‚ฌ์ดํด๊ณผ ํฌ๋กœ์Šคํ• ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€์˜ ์šด๋™ ์ˆ˜์—…, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์„ฑ์ˆ  ์•ฑ โ€˜์ฝ”์Šคํƒ€(Co-Star)โ€™ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์—์„œ ์‚ถ์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์งˆ์„œ ์†์—์„œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์  ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ˆ ์„ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐํ›„ ์ง‘ํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ˆํƒ€ ํˆฐ๋ฒ ๋ฆฌ(Greta Thunberg)๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์™ธ์‹ฌ, ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์˜ ์šด๋™์—์„œ์˜ ์—ด์ •, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ…Œ์ผ๋Ÿฌ ์Šค์œ„ํ”„ํŠธ ์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ์—์„œ ํŒฌ๋“ค์ด ๋А๋ผ๋Š” ํ™ฉํ™€ํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜์ ์ธ ์ถœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ“จ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•  ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ์ข…๊ต๋‚˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐ๋‹น์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน, ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ์‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์  ์–‘๊ทนํ™”: ์‹ ์•™ ํšŒ๊ท€์˜ ๋™์ธ๋“ค

๋กœ๋ Œ ๊ธฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  1. ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ: ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19 ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์œ ํ•œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จํŽธ๊ณผ ๋”ธ์„ ์žƒ์€ ์Šฌํ”” ์†์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฏธ์†Œ ์ง€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ ์„ ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ โ€œ๋‚˜๋„ ์ €๋Ÿฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ“จ๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์„ธ์†ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฉˆ์ถ˜ ์‹œ์ ์€ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  2. ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ƒํ™œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ:

    • ์ผ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ ์ƒ์‹ค: ๋งŽ์€ ์ Š์€ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ ์„ธ๋Œ€์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ–์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์ง์—…์ผ ๋ฟ, ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ†ต๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ: ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ํ•ต๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์‚ถ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๊ฐ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๋Œ“๊ธ€์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋ณด์‚ดํ•Œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฐˆ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„ํ”Œ ๋•Œ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ๋Š” โ€˜๋ฐ€ ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ(meal train)โ€™ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์†๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ: ์„ธ์†์ ์ธ ์‚ถ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์„ฑ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž˜๋ชป์„ ์†์ฃ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋‚˜ ์˜๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์†์ฃ„์ผ(Yom Kippur)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๊ต์  ์ ˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ถ์„ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์„ ๋А๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃ„์ฑ…๊ฐ์ด ๋‚˜์œ ํ‰ํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€๋งŒ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋А๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  3. ์ •์น˜์  ์–‘๊ทนํ™”์™€ โ€˜์ดˆ์›”์  ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐโ€™์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋ง: ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„์ฃผ์˜(Trumpism)๋Š” ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ขŒํŒŒ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์‹ ์•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹‰ ์›Œ๋จธ ๋””์–ด์Šค(Nick Woomer Deers)์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

    ๋…ธ์Šค์บ๋กค๋ผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ 46์„ธ ๋‹‰์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€ํ†จ๋ฆญ ์‹ ์ž์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ตํšŒ ์„ฑ์ถ”ํ–‰ ์Šค์บ”๋“ค ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ์•™์— ๋“ฑ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์‹ ๋ก ์ž์ด์ž ์ขŒํŒŒ ํ•™์ƒ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2016๋…„ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ๋‹น์„  ์ดํ›„, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์ด ๋’ค์ง‘ํ˜”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋А๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋‹ด๋ก ๊ณผ โ€œ๋น„์ข…๊ต์  ์šฐํŒŒ(irreligious right)โ€œ์˜ ๋…์„ฑ์— ๊นŠ์€ ๋ถˆ์พŒ๊ฐ์„ ๋А๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ข…๊ต์  ์šฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋น„์ข…๊ต์  ์šฐํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹คโ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋กœ์Šค ๋‹ค์šฐํƒ“(Ross Douthat)์˜ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ ๊ธ€์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋’คํ”๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

    ๋‹‰์€ โ€œ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ์ดˆ์›”์  ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋“คโ€™์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋น ์ ธ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ•ด๋กญ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Š” โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹คโ€๋Š” ๋ณดํŽธ์  ์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์€๋ฐ€ํ•œ ํƒ์ƒ‰์—์„œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์œผ๋กœ: ๋‹‰ ์›Œ๋จธ ๋””์–ด์Šค์˜ ํšŒ๊ท€

๋‹‰์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์€๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹ ์•™์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹นํ˜น๊ฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•„๋ฌด์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ํ˜ผ์ž ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ์ข…๊ต ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์• ํด๋ฆฌ์Šค์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ ์Šˆ๋ฏธ์ธ  ์‹ ๋ถ€(Father Mike Schmidtz)์˜ ์ธ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€ํ†จ๋ฆญ ํŒŸ์บ์ŠคํŠธ์™€ ์œ ํŠœ๋ธŒ ์˜์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข…๊ต ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šˆ๋ฏธ์ธ  ์‹ ๋ถ€๋Š” ํ•˜๋А๋‹˜์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋งบ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์œ ์™€ ํž˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ž‘๋…„ 4์›”, ๋ถ€ํ™œ์ ˆ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜์  ์˜๋ฏธ ์—†์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ž ๋‹‰์€ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ์„ ๋А๊ผˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ต๊ตฌ์— ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์•˜๊ณ , ์‹ ๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ โ€œํ•˜๋А๋‹˜์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ โ€œ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์Œ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฏธ์‚ฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ผโ€๊ณ  ์กฐ์–ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹‰์€ ๋ฐ˜์‹ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์‹ ๋ถ€์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋”ฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋งˆ์กด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€ํ†จ๋ฆญ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ , ์•„๋ฌด์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„ ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ๊ตํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‚ด์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ตํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์ฑ…์ž„๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด์™”๊ธฐ์—, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํž˜๋“ค๊ณ  ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„๊ฒŒ ๋А๊ปด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ ์ฐจ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ๋งˆ๋ฅดํฌ์Šค์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ถ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ• ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์•™์˜ ์˜๋ก€์™€ ๋ฏธํ•™, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ข…๊ต๋ผ๋Š” ์ ๋„ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋Š” โ€œ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํƒœ๋„๋กœ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ „์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์˜๋ก€์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ด์ œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋А๋‹˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฐฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ข…๊ต์  ์ฐธ์กฐ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ: ์ •์น˜์™€ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋ฌธํ™” ์†์—์„œ

๋กœ๋ Œ ์žญ์Šจ ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ข…๊ต์˜ โ€˜๋ถ€ํฅ(revival)โ€˜์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” โ€˜์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์‹ฌโ€™ ๋˜๋Š” โ€˜์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌโ€™์œผ๋กœ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ฑ„ํ”Œ๋ฆฐ(chaplain)๋“ค๋„ ์ง€๋‚œ 25๋…„๊ฐ„ ์บ ํผ์Šค์—์„œ ์ข…๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ข…๊ต์  ์–ธ๊ธ‰์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ์ž์ฃผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ์ •์น˜: ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” JD ๋ฐด์Šค(JD Vance) ์ƒ์›์˜์›์ด๋‚˜ ํ”ผํŠธ ํ—ค๊ทธ์„ธ์Šค(Pete Hegseth) ์ „ ์œก๊ตฐ ์žฅ๊ด€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€ํ†จ๋ฆญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ข…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ์•™์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‰ด์š• ์‹œ์žฅ ์—๋ฆญ ์•„๋‹ด์Šค(Eric Adams)๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ์‹ ์•™์„ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ „๋ฉด์— ๋‚ด์„ธ์› ๊ณ , ๋ผ๋งˆ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์ดํ”„ํƒ€๋ฅด(iftar) ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ตœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ์ฃผ ํ•˜์› ์˜์› ์ œ์ž„์Šค ํƒˆ๋ ˆ๋ฆฌ์ฝ”(James Talarico)๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ๋ณต์Œ์„ โ€œ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜(Christian nationalism)โ€œ์— ๋งž์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํฌํ“ฐ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ ๋กœ๊ฑด(Joe Rogan)๊ณผ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜๋‹˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์†Œ์™ธ๋œ ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

  • ๋Œ€์ค‘๋ฌธํ™”: ํ• ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๋“œ ์˜ํ™”๋‚˜ ํŒ ์Œ์•…์—์„œ๋„ ์ข…๊ต์  ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์Šคํ‹ด ๋น„๋ฒ„(Justin Bieber)๋‚˜ ๋กœ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์•„(Rosalรญa) ๊ฐ™์€ ํŒ์Šคํƒ€๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹ ์•™์„ ๋…ธ๋ž˜์— ๋‹ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋กœ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ์•จ๋ฒ” โ€˜Luxโ€™๋Š” ์‹ ์•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ž˜์—์„œ๋Š” โ€œํ•˜๋А๋‹˜๊ป˜ ํ™€๋”ฑ ๋ฐ˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค(hot for God)โ€œ๊ณ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œ

๋กœ๋ Œ ์žญ์Šจ ๊ธฐ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ข…๊ต์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ์‹ ์•™์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค์„ ๊นŠ์ด ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ๋”ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑ์„ โ€œ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ช…โ€์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ๋†“์•˜๋˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ข…๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ์‹ค์ฒœ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€๊ณก์ ์— ์„œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์˜ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํšŒ๊ท€๋‚˜ ๋ถ€ํฅ์€ ์•„๋‹์ง€๋ผ๋„, ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ณธ์—ฐ์˜ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์‚ถ์˜ ํฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์‹ ์•™์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.


โ€œWhat would J.R.R. Tolkien think of Palantir?โ€ โ€” Vox ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ ์›๋ณธ ์˜์ƒ ๋ณด๊ธฐ

ํ†จํ‚จ์˜ โ€˜ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅดโ€™๋ฅผ ์ž์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…: J.R.R. ํ†จํ‚จ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ?

์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ IT ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฅด๋ณด๋ ˆ(Arbore), ๋ฏธ์Šค๋ฆด(Mithril), ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์•„(Naria)โ€ฆ ์ด ์ด๋ฆ„๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ J.R.R. ํ†จํ‚จ์˜ ๋ช…์ž‘ ใ€Ž๋ฐ˜์ง€์˜ ์ œ์™•(The Lord of the Rings)ใ€์—์„œ ๋”ฐ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ก  ๋จธ์Šคํฌ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ JD ๋ฐด์Šค์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€, ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํ…Œํฌ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํ†จํ‚จ์˜ ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ ํŒฌ์ž„์„ ์ž์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋…น์—ฌ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํŠนํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ”ผํ„ฐ ํ‹ธ(Peter Thiel)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ใ€Ž๋ฐ˜์ง€์˜ ์ œ์™•ใ€ ์† ๊ด‘๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์„ญ์ • ๋ฐ๋„ค์†Œ๋ฅด(Denethor)๋ฅผ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์•„(Moria)์˜ ๋“œ์›Œํ”„๋“ค์ด ๋ฐœ๋ก(Balrog)์„ ๊นจ์šด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋งˆ๋ฅด ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์— ๋น„์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ํ†จํ‚จ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ์ฆ๊ฒจ ์ธ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ”ผํ„ฐ ํ‹ธ์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ใ€Ž๋ฐ˜์ง€์˜ ์ œ์™•ใ€ ์† ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ, ์žฅ์†Œ, ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฒ ์ผ์— ์‹ธ์ธ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ธฐ์—…, ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด(Palantir Technologies)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น„๋ฐ€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ผฝํžˆ๋Š” ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€์Šค๋Š”, ๊ณผ์—ฐ ํ†จํ‚จ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์† โ€˜ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅดโ€™์™€ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ†จํ‚จ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?

ํ†จํ‚จ์˜ โ€˜ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅดโ€™: ์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•…ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ์ „์ง€ํ•œ ๋Œ

๋จผ์ € ใ€Ž๋ฐ˜์ง€์˜ ์ œ์™•ใ€ ์† โ€˜ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅดโ€™๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋žตํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†จํ‚จ์ด ์“ด ์„œ์‚ฌ ํŒํƒ€์ง€ 3๋ถ€์ž‘ ใ€Ž๋ฐ˜์ง€์˜ ์ œ์™•ใ€์€ ํ˜ธ๋น— ํ”„๋กœ๋„ ๋ฐฐ๊ธด์Šค(Frodo Baggins)์™€ ๋ฐ˜์ง€์›์ •๋Œ€(Fellowship of the Ring)๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋‘ ์˜ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋ก (Sauron)์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋ฐ˜์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์ •์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ โ€˜ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅดโ€™๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ • ๊ตฌ์Šฌ(crystal ball) ๋˜๋Š” โ€˜๋ณด๋Š” ๋Œ(seeing stone)โ€˜๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋จผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์—ฟ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€ ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ใ€Ž๋ฐ˜์ง€์˜ ์ œ์™•ใ€์—์„œ ์ด ๋Œ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋ก ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฃจ๋งŒ(Saruman) ๊ฐ™์€ ์•…์˜ ์„ธ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋งŒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์•…ํ•œ ์Œ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์„ ํ•œ ํŽธ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณค๋„๋ฅด์˜ ์„ญ์ • ๋ฐ๋„ค์†Œ๋ฅด 2์„ธ(Denethor II)์กฐ์ฐจ ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ์™œ๊ณก๋œ ํ™˜์ƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ ˆ๋ง์— ๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์˜ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆํญ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์†์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์‹ค ์† ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด: ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ โ€˜์ „์ง€์ „๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ˆˆโ€™

๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ๊ตฐ๋Œ€, ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” 2003๋…„, ํ”ผํ„ฐ ํ‹ธ ํšŒ์žฅ๊ณผ ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค ์นดํ”„(Alex Karp) ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž(CEO), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ค‘์•™์ •๋ณด๊ตญ(CIA)์˜ ํˆฌ์ž๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 9.11 ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ์ดํ›„ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š”, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด๋“  ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ(๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ, ๊ตญ์„ธ์ฒญ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด๋“  ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋“ ) ์ทจํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋•๋Š” โ€˜๋ณด๋Š” ๋Œโ€™์ธ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€(Department of Defense)์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏผ์„ธ๊ด€๋‹จ์†๊ตญ(Immigrations and Customs Enforcement, ICE)๊ณผ์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ๋„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ณด๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์˜ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ(AI) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์šฐํฌ๋ผ์ด๋‚˜, ๊ฐ€์ž์ง€๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ ์ค‘๋™ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์ž‘์ „์—๋„ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๊ตญ(FBI), ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์•ˆ๋ณด๊ตญ(NSA), ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ตญ์„ธ์ฒญ(IRS)๋„ ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋งŒ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ, ํŒจ์ŠคํŠธํ‘ธ๋“œ ์ฒด์ธ, ์˜๋ฅ˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ๋“ฑ ํŒ๋งค ๋ฐ ์œ ํ†ต, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค๋„ ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์›”๋งˆํŠธ, ๋กœ์šฐ์Šค, AT&T, ์—์–ด๋ฒ„์Šค, ์ œ๋„ˆ๋Ÿด ๋ฐ€์Šค, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์›ฌ๋””์Šค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€, โ€œ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„์•ผ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ „์ง€์ „๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ โ€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์˜ ํ™๋ณด ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์…€๋ง ํฌ์ธํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” โ€œ์‹ ๋น„๋กญ๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ™์€ ์กด์žฌโ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜์ƒค์ด์–ดโ€™๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋น—๋“ค: ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์˜ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฌธํ™”

ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์˜ ํ†จํ‚จ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง‘์ฐฉ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ด๋ฆ„์ง“๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒ”๋กœ์•Œํ† ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์€ ํ•œ๋•Œ โ€˜์ƒค์ด์–ด(The Shire)โ€˜๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ ธ๊ณ , ๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์€ โ€˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒค๋ธ(Rivendell)โ€™, ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์€ โ€˜ํšŒ์ƒ‰ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ(Grey Havens)โ€˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ง์›๋“ค์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ โ€˜ํ˜ธ๋น—(Hobbits)โ€˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ปจ๋ฒค์…˜์˜ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋”ฉ๋งŒ ๋ด๋„ ํ†จํ‚จ ์žฌ๋‹จ์— ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง‘์ฐฉ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋”ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ท€์—ฌ์šด ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋„˜์–ด, ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด๊ฐ€ ์ž์ฒด์ ์ธ โ€˜์›์ •๋Œ€โ€™๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ง์›๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ฌดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์˜ ์ „ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์ „๋žต๊ฐ€์˜€๋˜ ํ›„์•ˆ ์„ธ๋ฐ”์Šค์ฐฌ ํ•€ํ† (Juan Sebastian Pinto)๋Š” โ€œ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ใ€Ž๋ฐ˜์ง€์˜ ์ œ์™•ใ€์— ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋” ํฐ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒโ€์ด ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€œ์ƒค์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ผ(Save the Shire)โ€œ๋Š” ํ”ํ•œ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ โ€˜์ƒค์ด์–ดโ€™๋Š” ๊ณง ์กฐ๊ตญ, ์ฆ‰ ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค ์นดํ”„๊ฐ€ โ€˜์„œ๊ตฌ(the West)โ€˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋™๋งน๊ตญ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  โ€˜์ƒค์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹คโ€™๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„œ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  โ€˜์ „์‚ฌ๋“ค(war fighters)โ€˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค ์นดํ”„๋Š” โ€œํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ์ „์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด์‚ฌํšŒ๊นŒ์ง€(from the battlefield to the boardroom)โ€œ๋ผ๋Š” ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์šฐ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ํ•  ์ตœ๊ณ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ†จํ‚จ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ดค์„๊นŒ?

ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฟฐ๋šซ์–ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์ž‘์ „์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ โ€˜์ „์ง€์ „๋Šฅํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌโ€™๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋Š” ํ†จํ‚จ์˜ ์ฑ…์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์„ฌ๋œฉํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ํ†จํ‚จ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ†จํ‚จ์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ํŽธ์ง€์—์„œ โ€˜๊ธฐ๊ณ„(the machine)โ€˜์™€ โ€˜์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ํƒ€๋ฝํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐ(the corrupted motive of dominating)โ€˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํ˜„์‹ค ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ํ†จํ‚จ ํ•™์ž๋Š” โ€œํ†จํ‚จ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ก ์ž์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹คโ€๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†จํ‚จ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฐ์—…์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋Š” โ€œ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฒฝ์•…ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒโ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์†์ž„์„ ๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ฃจ๋งŒ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋ก ์˜ ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ๋น ์ ธ๋“ค๊ณ , ๋ฐ๋„ค์†Œ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง“ ํ™˜์ƒ ํ›„์— ๋ชจ๋“  ํฌ๋ง์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์•…๋‹น์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฐ๋ก ์กฐ์ฐจ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์ „๋žต์  ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅด๋„๋ก ์†์ž„์„ ๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ใ€Ž๋ฐ˜์ง€์˜ ์ œ์™•ใ€์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์˜์›…์€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์žฅํ•œ ์„ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์—˜ํ”„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šคํฌ์ผ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ˜ธ๋น—๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๋ชจํ—˜๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ „์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๊บผ์ด ๋‚˜์„œ๋Š” ์šฉ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถฉ์„ฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†จํ‚จ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ์บ๋ฆญํ„ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํ˜ธ๋น—๋“ค๊ณผ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋™์ผ์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋ถ„๊ถŒ์ ์ธ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณจ์˜ ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1958๋…„ ํŽธ์ง€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” โ€œ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํฌ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ๋นผ๋ฉด ํ˜ธ๋น—์ด๋‹คโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ†จํ‚จ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ โ€˜์ „์ง€์ „๋Šฅํ•จโ€™์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ฐฌ์–‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†จํ‚จ ์ž์‹ ์€ ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์— ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊นŠ์ด ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

โ€˜์ƒค์ด์–ด ์ •ํ™”โ€™์™€ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜

2025๋…„, ํ›„์•ˆ ์„ธ๋ฐ”์Šค์ฐฌ ํ•€ํ† ๋Š” ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด ์ „ ์ง์› 13๋ช… ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ, ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” โ€œ์ƒค์ด์–ด ์ •ํ™”(The Scouring of the Shire)โ€œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์˜ ์„œํ•œ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋น…ํ…Œํฌ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ํ†จํ‚จ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€(์—ฌ์ •๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ๋œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋™๋ฃŒ์• )์™€๋Š” ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” โ€˜ํ˜๋ช…์  ํŒํƒ€์ง€ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌโ€™๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋А๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜์ธ๊ฐ„ ์˜๋„์˜ ์ฆํญ๊ธฐ(amplifier of a humanโ€™s intentions)โ€˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ICE์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ตฌ๊ธˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณ‘์›์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋นˆ๊ณค ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ํ• ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ”ผํ„ฐ ์žญ์Šจ ๊ฐ๋…์˜ ใ€Ž๋ฐ˜์ง€์˜ ์ œ์™•: ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ‘ใ€์—์„œ ์ƒ˜์™€์ด์ฆˆ ๊ฐฌ์ง€(Samwise Gamgee)๊ฐ€ ํ”„๋กœ๋„์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, โ€œ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”, ํ”„๋กœ๋„ ์”จ. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ โ€˜ํŒ”๋ž€ํ‹ฐ๋ฅดโ€™๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ์ง€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.